Category: HOW TO

Ultimate Guide: How To Write Article Review- Format, Types, Tips and Examples

Ultimate Guide: How to Write Article Review:- Format, Types, Tips and Examples

Have you ever read an article and thought, “I’ve got some thoughts on this piece?” Well, that’s where article reviews come in. An article review is a written evaluation of a published piece, where you summarize the content and analyze its strengths and weaknesses. Sounds cool, right?

 

But why should you care about writing article reviews? Well, they’re not only a fantastic way to sharpen your critical thinking skills but also an excellent opportunity to practice and improve your writing. Plus, they’re a common assignment in academia and can even help you build credibility as an expert in your field!

So, are you ready to become an article review superstar? This blog post has got you covered! We’ll go through the format, types, tips, and examples of article reviews, plus some common mistakes and how to avoid them. By the end of this post, you’ll have everything you need to write an A+.

Get to learn how article review assignment help team deliver A+ quality review assignment  . Let’s get started!

 

Format: The Blueprint of Your Article Review

A solid structure is the foundation of any great article review. Think of it as a blueprint that will guide you through the process and help you organize your thoughts. Ready to explore the key components? Let’s dive in!

 

Crafting the Perfect Title and Citation

Kick off your review with an attention-grabbing title that reflects the content of your review. You’ll also need to include the citation of the article you’re reviewing. Remember to follow the appropriate citation style (like APA, MLA, or Chicago) based on your requirements.

 

Introduction: Hook ’em with a Killer Opening

First impressions matter, so make sure your introduction is engaging and informative. Start with a hook, like a thought-provoking question, an interesting quote, or a surprising fact from the article.

 

Then, briefly introduce the article’s topic, author, and main argument. And don’t forget to mention the purpose of your review!

 

Using quotes or intriguing facts to engage readers

For example, if you’re reviewing an article about climate change, you could start with a shocking fact: “Did you know that the last decade was the hottest ever recorded on Earth?” This will instantly grab your readers’ attention and set the stage for the rest of your review.

 

Summary: Striking the balance between brevity and detail

Next up, provide a concise yet comprehensive summary of the article’s main points. Aim to capture the essence of the piece without drowning your readers in details. Keep it short, sweet, and to the point!

 

Analysis: Unleashing your inner critic

Now comes the fun part: analyzing the article! This is where you’ll flex your critical thinking muscles and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the piece. Discuss the author’s argumens, evidence, and writing style. Are they convincing? Is there anything missting or flawed? Be objective and fair in your assessment.

 

Conclusion: Ending on a high note

Wrap up your review by summarizing your main findings and offering your final thoughts on the article. What’s the overall impact of the piece? Is it a valuable contribution to the field? Don’t forget to include a call-to-action for your readers, encouraging them to read the article or share their own thoughts in the comments section.

Types of Article Reviews: Know Your Style

Not all article reviews are created equal. Depending on your goal, you might choose a different approach to reviewing an article. Let’s take a look at three common types of article reviews and when to use them:

1.     Descriptive Reviews: Painting the Picture

Descriptive reviews focus on providing a thorough summary of the article’s content. Your goal here is to give your readers a clear understanding of what the article is about and the author’s main arguments. This type of review is ideal when you want to inform your audience about a specific topic without diving too deep into a critical analysis.

 

For example, if you’re reviewing an article on a new scientific discovery, a descriptive review would help readers grasp the key findings and their implications.

 

2.     Critical Reviews

Critical reviews go beyond summarizing the content and dive into a deeper evaluation of the article. You’ll assess the author’s arguments, methodology, evidence, and writing style, identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the piece.

 

This type of review is perfect when you want to offer a well-rounded critique and engage in a meaningful discussion about the topic.

 

For instance, if you’re reviewing a controversial opinion piece, a critical review would allow you to dissect the author’s arguments and present a balanced assessment.

 

3.     Comparative Reviews: The Ultimate Showdown

Comparative reviews involve analyzing two or more articles on a similar topic, comparing their approaches, arguments, and conclusions. This type of review is useful when you want to offer your readers a broader perspective on a subject and encourage them to explore multiple viewpoints.

 

Imagine you’re reviewing articles on different diets, like keto and paleo. A comparative review would enable you to highlight the similarities and differences between the two, helping readers make informed decisions about their nutritional choices.

 

Real-life examples for each type

  1. For more inspiration, check out these examples of each type of article review:

 

  1. Links to articles or blog posts that delve deeper into each type

Want to learn more about each type of article review? These resources have got you covered:

Now that you know the different types of article reviews, let’s move on to some tips that will help you excel in your review-writing adventure!

How to Write Article Review Like Expert Writer

Tips: Secrets to Writing an A+ Article Review

Mastering the art of article review writing doesn’t have to be a daunting task. With these tips in your arsenal, you’ll be well on your way to crafting an insightful and engaging review:

 

Tip #1: Be a thorough reader: why skimming won’t cut it

To write a top-notch review, you need to know the article inside out. Read it carefully, and don’t be afraid to read it more than once. Pay close attention to the author’s main arguments, evidence, and writing style. The better you understand the article, the more informed and effective your review will be.

 

Tip #2: Note-taking and organization: your secret weapons

As you read the article, take notes on the key points, arguments, and evidence. Jot down any questions, thoughts, or reactions you have while reading. Organizing your thoughts from the get-go will make the writing process smoother and ensure you don’t miss any crucial details in your review.

Tip #3: Authenticity: let your unique voice shine

Don’t be afraid to inject your own personality and writing style into your review. Your readers want to hear your voice and perspective, not a regurgitation of someone else’s thoughts. Be true to yourself, and your review will resonate with your audience.

Tip #4: Fairness: the art of objective analysis

When analyzing the article, it’s essential to remain objective and fair. Even if you don’t agree with the author’s viewpoint, strive to present a balanced assessment of their work. Recognize the article’s strengths and weaknesses without letting your personal biases cloud your judgment.

Tip #5: The polish: editing and proofreading your masterpiece

Before you hit “publish,” take the time to edit and proofread your review. Look for any spelling, grammar, or punctuation errors, as well as any awkward phrasings or inconsistencies in your argument. A polished review will not only be more enjoyable to read but also showcase your attention to detail and professionalism.

 

Top-notch proofreading hacks

Need some help with proofreading? This YouTube video offers some fantastic tips and tricks to catch those pesky errors and polish your writing to perfection

 

With these tips in mind, you’re ready to tackle any article review that comes your way. But before you put pen to paper (or fingers to keyboard), let’s take a look at some common mistakes to avoid and examples of great article reviews in action!

 

Oops! Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them

Alright, friends, you’ve got the format, types, and tips for writing an amazing article review in your toolkit. But wait, there’s more! To truly rock your review, watch out for these common blunders and learn how to dodge ’em like a pro:

 

  1. Over-summarizing or under-analyzing

Strike the right balance between summarizing and analyzing. Keep your summary short and sweet, focusing on the article’s main points. Remember, the meat of your review is the analysis and evaluation, so don’t let the summary hog the spotlight!

 

  1. Forgetting the article’s context or background

Think big picture when reviewing an article. What’s the context or background behind the author’s arguments? Any hidden assumptions or biases? Tackling these aspects in your review will make your analysis richer and more insightful.

 

  1. Plagiarism pitfalls and how to steer clear

Always give credit where it’s due. Paraphrase or quote the article when needed, and don’t forget to cite your sources according to the proper citation style. Keep your review original and authentic to sidestep plagiarism.

 

  1. Getting too subjective or biased

Sure, your opinion matters, but keep your review as objective as possible. Don’t let your personal beliefs or biases cloud your judgment. Focus on offering a fair and balanced assessment of the article instead.

 

  1. Neglecting the importance of a well-structured review

A messy or poorly structured review can be super confusing for your readers. Stick to the format we chatted about earlier, and use clear headings and smooth transitions to guide your readers through your review.

 

And that’s it.  By dodging these common slip-ups, you’ll be on your way to crafting an article review that’s both engaging and informative. So, let’s roll up our sleeves and start writing!

 

A Step-by-Step Guide to Crafting Your Own Article Review

Now that you’ve learned the ins and outs of writing a top-notch article review, it’s time to get down to business.

 

Step 1: Review the article with a critical eye

 

Start by carefully reading the article you’ll be reviewing. Keep a critical eye on the content, and make sure you fully understand the author’s main points and arguments.

 

Step 2: Jot down your notes and organize your thoughts

As you read, take detailed notes on the article’s key elements. Organize your thoughts using headings and bullet points, so you can easily refer back to them when you’re writing your review. This will help you create a well-structured and focused piece.

 

Step 3: Draft your review, following the format and tips we discussed

Once you’ve got your notes and thoughts organized, start drafting your review. Remember the format we covered earlier, and use it as a guide for structuring your piece. Keep the tone engaging and informal, and make sure to follow the tips we discussed to avoid common mistakes.

 

Step 4: Add some flair with catchy headings, links, and multimedia

To make your review even more engaging and fun, spice things up with catchy headings and subheadings. Add links to other blogs or articles that support your points or offer additional insights. You can even include multimedia like images, infographics, or YouTube videos to illustrate your points and keep your readers hooked!

Step 5: Edit and proofread for a polished final product

Check for typos, grammatical errors, and inconsistencies in style or formatting. Make sure your review flows well and is easy to read. A polished final product will leave a lasting impression on your readers and demonstrate your expertise as a reviewer.

 

Step 6: Share your masterpiece and engage with your audience

Congratulations, you’ve created an awesome article review! Now it’s time to share your work with the world. Publish your review on your blog or platform of choice, and promote it on social media or through email newsletters. Engage with your audience by responding to comments and encouraging them to share their thoughts and opinions on the article. After all, the best reviews spark lively conversations and inspire further exploration of the topic.

Wrap Up!

With the right format, a clear understanding of the different types of reviews, and some handy tips, you can craft an engaging and informative review that’ll resonate with your audience. Remember to avoid common pitfalls, add some flair with multimedia and catchy headings, and most importantly, have fun with it!

5 Effective Students’ Memory Boosters

5 Effective Students’ Memory Boosters in 2022

Did you struggle with concentration in 2021? As the schools reopens for 2022 calendar we have assembled 5 effective students’ memory boosters to enhance your memory and alertness in class.

Though it was once believed that brain functionality peaked during early adulthood and then slowly declined afterward, researchers have discovered that our current lifestyle plays a significant role in contributing to our brain’ cognitive decline. Exposure to toxins, chemicals, poor diet, lack of sleep, stress, and much more can be seen to hinder the functioning of our brain including memory.

In this guide, our DNP capstone project writers gathered the most effective ways to improve memory by harnessing the power of the brain’s ability to change. All tips and techniques provided are primarily lifestyle-based and time-tested results from the latest scientific evidence.

Whether you want to be an excellent student, maintain your competitive edge, or stay mentally sharp, you don’t need expensive prescription medication or medical procedure to boost your memory. This guide is your go-to manual on 5 Effective Students’ Memory Boosters

  1. Physical Exercise

While mental exercise is essential for brain health, that doesn’t mean you never need to break a sweat. Physical activity helps your brain stay sharp. It improves oxygen in your brain and decreases the risk of complications from cardiovascular diseases. Exercise enhances the impact of helpful brain chemicals and lowers stress hormones. Perhaps most importantly, it plays a vital role in neuroplasticity by boosting growth factors and stimulating new neuronal connections.

It’s prescribed that you exercise for at least 30 minutes, five times a week, but if you are relatively new to exercise, start off with a couple of times a week and slowly build it up. Otherwise, you risk growing bored of the new routine before you’ve developed the habit.

By running, cycling, swimming, or whatever form of exercise takes your fancy; you can strengthen the connections between brain cells. From this, you’re learning, and memory skills will improve, and allow you to digest more details from your lectures and books.

  1. Healthy Diet Regime

Just as a car needs fuel, so does the body and brain. I trust that by now you are aware that a diet based on fruits, vegetables, whole grains, healthy fats like olive oil, nuts, fish; and lean protein are stocked with lots of health advantages. But did you know such a diet can also improve memory? For brain health, though, it’s not just what you eat, it’s also what you don’t eat.

Stock up on your vitamins and micronutrients

Specific vitamins and nutrients can boost brain power in various ways. You can promote brain power with vitamins and micronutrients found in the following foods:

  • Zinc and iodine – certain foods can contribute to normal brain cognition. Examples are strawberries, seaweed, dairy, eggs, mushrooms, white meat, legumes, greens, garlic, nuts, and seeds.
  • vitamin B6, B12 and folate found in vegetables, meat, pork, dairy, chicken, turkey, fish, bread, eggs, peanuts, milk, and cereals can help to prevent fatigue, a primary cause of procrastination during studies.
  • Omega-3 and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), found in cold water fish (fatty fish) such as salmon, tuna, halibut, trout, mackerel, sardines, and herring are particularly rich source of omega-3 beneficial for brain health (a vital part of learning). If you’re not fond of seafood, can still try non-fish sources of omega-3s such as seaweed, walnuts, ground flaxseed, flaxseed oil, winter squash, kidney and pinto beans, spinach, broccoli, pumpkin seeds, egg yolks and soybeans.

b) Restrict your intake of calories and saturated fat. Studies show that foods high in saturated fat (from sources such as red meat, whole milk, butter, cheese, cream, and ice cream) raise the threat of dementia and weaken concentration and memory.

c) Consume more fruit and vegetables. These products are packed with antioxidants that guard your brain cells against damage. Colorful fruits and vegetables are mostly good antioxidant “superfood” sources.

d) Drink green tea. Green tea contains polyphenols, powerful antioxidants that protect against free radicals that can damage brain cells. Among many other benefits, regular consumption of green tea may enhance memory and mental alertness and slow brain aging.

e) Drink wine (or grape juice) in moderation. Though alcohol consumption has been said to kill brain cells, in moderation (around one glass a day for women; 2 for men), especially red wine, it has been seen to improve memory and cognition. It is full of resveratrol, a flavonoid that promotes blood flow in the brain and decreases the risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Other resveratrol-packed options include grape juice, cranberry juice, fresh grapes and berries, and peanuts.

Related Links

1o foods to improve learners memory

  1. Socialize

Not only does socializing play a vital part of your time in school, but it also helps the way your brain functions.

While some people think of “serious” activities such as a crossword puzzle or mastering chess strategy to improve memory, others delight in lighthearted pastimes as hanging out with friends or enjoying a funny movie. Numerous studies have shown that life filled with friends and fun comes with cognitive benefits. Humans are highly social beings. We’re not meant to survive and prosper in isolation. Relationships arouse our brains, in fact, interacting with others may be the best kind of brain exercise.

Laughter is the cheapest memory boosters. This fact holds true for the brain, memory, as well as the body. Unlike emotional responses, which are limited to specific areas of the brain, laughter engages multiple regions across the whole brain.

Adopt the following tidbits and bring more laughter to your life:

a) Laugh at yourself. It is important not to always take yourself too seriously. Enjoy laughter and share your awkward and embarrassing moments with family and friends. Remember that loo roll that got stuck in your shoe.

b) When you hear laughter, move toward it. Most of the time, people are delighted to share something funny because it gives them a chance to laugh again and feed off the humor you find in it. When you hear laughter, seek it out and try to join in.

c) Spend time with fun, spirited people. These are people who laugh easily both at themselves and at life’s craziness, and who find the humor in ordinary situations. Their playful point of view and laughter are very contagious.

d) Try to surround yourself with souvenirs that lighten up your mood. Keep a toy on your desk or keychain. Put up a humorous poster in your room. Choose a computer screensaver that makes you giggle or smile. Frame pictures of you and your friends or family having fun.

  1. Get Enough Sleep

There is a significant variance between the amount of sleep you can get by on and one you need to function at your best. The truth is that adults need between 7 to 9 hours of sleep each night to avoid sleep deprivation. Sleep is critical in an even more fundamental way; it promotes memory, creativity, problem-solving and critical thinking abilities.

Research shows that sleep is crucial for memory consolidation, where critical memory-enhancing activity occurs during the deepest stages of sleep. Our brains are bombarded with stimuli when we’re awake; but when we’re asleep, the brain uses that time to process everything and get rid of unnecessary information while doubling down on remembering vital elements, like that nursing care plan for pneumonia in paediatrics . This information is later consolidated into long-term memory. That being said, when you are awake, your brain can’t go through this process.

To improve our sleep time try the following tips;

a) Get a stable sleep schedule. Go to sleep at the exact time every evening and get up at the same time each morning. Try as much as possible not to break your routine, even on weekends and vacations.

b) Avoid screens for at least an hour before bed. The blue light released by TVs, phones, tablets, and computers elicit a state of insomnia and overpower hormones such as melatonin that make you heavy-eyed.

c) Cut back on caffeine. Caffeine tends to have diverse effects on people. Though some may take it and have no effect at all, other people are susceptible to it to the point that even morning coffee can interfere with sleep. Try decreasing your consumption or cutting it out entirely if you suspect it’s keeping you up at night.

5. Adopt Practical Steps to Support Learning and Memory

a) Pay attention. It’s not possible to recall something you’ve never learned nor encoded it into your brain especially if it’s something you are not paying adequate attention to. It’s said it takes about eight seconds of intense focus to process a piece of data into your memory. If your attention is quickly diverted, try to pick a quiet place where you won’t be disturbed.

b) Take notes by hand: This is a great practice to get into in general, whether you’re taking notes in class or preparing for a test. Writing forces you to paraphrase what is being read or said. This, in turn, raises your conceptual understanding of a topic to contribute to higher memory retention.

c) Repetition: It’s an undeniable fact that the more an activity is repeated, the more it is embedded in your long-term memory. So when you’re studying, go at a slower pace, and after every couple of lines, repeat the previous sentences 1-2 times (either aloud or in your head).

d) Write it down from memory: Write everything you’ve learned down from memory (remember not to peek at your notes!). This is not only is this a good practice-run for the impending test but will permit you to summarize the information you’ve been studying. When you can expound on something using your own words, not only does it emphasizes on your understanding on the topic but that the information is stuck in your long-term memory. This is your ultimate goal.

e) Use Memory Triggers: It’s surprising how something so small can make such a difference when it comes to memorization. When committing something to memory, it is more likely to stick if you use any one (or all) of the following memory triggers:

  • Flash Cards: Flashcards apply some of the techniques outlined in this article – they are repetitive and force you to write out your notes by hand.
  • Color-Coded Writing: This can refer to your notes or even the flashcards listed above. Using different colored pens to break up your notes into sections creates visual stimulation which is a great memory trigger. Try the color red.
  • Mnemonic Devices: Crafting a visual image, song, a rhyme, or an acronym out of crucial information will stimulate your memory and make you much more likely to remember information.

f) Chew gum: If you need to hark back to a piece of information for around 30 minutes, try chewing gum. Studies have found that people do well on both visual and audio memory tasks if they are chewing gum while doing them. Just the act of chewing seems to enhance people’ concentration. So, if you have a pop quiz sprung on you, leave the Orbit in your pocket. Chew sugar-free gum only, though! Consuming pure sugar may cause your blood sugar to drop which would hurt your concentration.

To sum up, memorization is a key part of a study. Whether you’re memorizing the quadratic formula or dates of historical events, there are numerous techniques you can adopt that will significantly aid in memory retention. If you follow these steps, we guarantee that your memory significantly will improve.

Remember: Your mind is the greatest power, use it well.

How to Qualify as a Nurse

How to Qualify as a Nurse

how to qualify as a nurse
Nurse at work

According to American Nurses Association, there are four million registered nurses in the U.S. Sixty percent work in hospital. The U.S Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates that the nation requires to register new RNs by 1.1million. That the nursing shortage in the U.S. continues to worsen is no longer news. There has never been a better time to become a registered nurse, and things are getting better. Small wonder you’ve decided to become a registered nurse. But how does one become a registered nurse? This post explains how you can launch your nursing career the soonest possible.

Prior to COVID-19 pandemic the United States was already experiencing a severe shortage of nurses due to aging baby boom population. COVID-19 has worsened the shortage as many nurses quit profession due to occupational stress and pressure. The World Health Organization is painting a gloomy picture as they estimate the world needs to raise nurses workforce by 6million to meet demand. Similar sentiments are echoed by Linkedln that has places RNs as among top ten in demand jobs in 2021.

Requirements Vary Across Countries

The requirements you have to meet to become a registered nurse aren’t exactly the same in every country. Even within the same country, say the U.S., requirements may be slightly different in different states. Requirements also vary with the practice level at which you wish to enter the profession.

This post will focus on how people become registered nurses in the U.S. To become a registered nurse in the U.S., you have to meet two types of requirements. First, you have to meet all the educational requirements. Second, you have to meet licensure requirements.

The Nursing Journey

In most states, the nursing journey begins when the interested person enrolls in a nursing degree. You can study one of two degrees namely the ASN or BSN. ASN stands for Associate Degree in Nursing while BSN means Bachelor of Science in Nursing.

It’s pretty easy to enter the nursing world with either of these two educational qualifications. But employers increasingly prefer to hire BSN to ASN degree holders.

The ASN degree is a two-year program while the BSN degree is, for the most part, a 4-year program. You MUST ensure that the nursing school you attend is accredited.

Writing Lots of Nursing Assignments

For the better part of the first year in nursing school, you’ll mostly do regular college courses. But in your sophomore year, you’ll jump into nursing proper.

In nursing school, everyone studies seriously. And there are tons of papers and assignments to complete all the time. One week you’re writing a nursing essay. Next week you’re writing a nursing case study or preparing a nursing care plan. In the week that follows, it’s a lab report or some other nursing report.

Also, there’s always a nursing term paper to handle at the end of every semester. And of course, no one graduates college before completing their BSN nursing capstone project. You are required to score highly in all these nursing assignment writings.

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The Clinicals/Internships

Clinicals have always been there in nursing school. They are basically the practical side of nursing. Clinicals involve visiting healthcare facilities to learn how to apply the skills and knowledge you’ve been accumulating. Working alongside a real nurse (a preceptor), you’ll get exposed to the finer details of nursing in real-life situations.

Typically, clinicals start in year two of college — in semester 1 or 2 of nursing school. Nursing school probably doesn’t want students to start their clinicals before they’ve covered the foundations of nursing.

Most student nurses enjoy clinicals, especially if they have a supportive preceptor. The clinicals are a great opportunity for you to decide what area of nursing you want to specialize in.

Passing NCLEX

After graduating college, you’ll have to apply to your state’s Board of Nursing for NCLEX. NCLEX is a standardized exam that all trained nurses must pass before they can obtain licensure.

Note: In pretty much every nursing school, you won’t be able to apply for NCLEX before graduation. Also, you should have met all requirements of your school before applying.

Most schools send the paperwork necessary for ATT (Authority to Test) to the state’s Board of Nursing after graduation. Once you pass NCLEX-RN, you’re ready for licensure. Down the road, you may want to get certification for a specialized area of nursing. That’s how to become a registered nurse in the U.S.

Want to Become a Registered Nurse?

Start applying to your preferred schools the earliest you can. You may want to dust your essay writing skills as many schools require applicants to submit an admissions essay. But that shouldn’t be hard if expressing ideas coherently and persuasively in English isn’t a problem for you. Maybe you’ll need a bit of luck considering that nursing has become extremely competitive these days. Good luck!

Guide To Writing Scientific Lab Report

Guide To Writing Scientific Lab Report

guide to writing scientific lab reports
An experiment being carried out in a lab

The scientific world is one that is rich in information and even richer in technology. For the longest time now, man has strived to understand all that is around him and find out more about nature through experimentation either for recreation, learning, or when his survival entirely depends on it. In the modern-day and age, things have really changed and the strides that have been made are quite huge and this means that things are also done differently. Lab analysis and experiments especially in the academic field are always followed by a lab report. This is of course in preparation for the career world as this is embedded into each and every one. So, as you begin writing scientific lab report, what do you really have to have in mind and what exactly are you expected to articulate for maximum effectiveness.

After sourcing from the best sources on a worldwide scale on what it takes to write the best scientific lab report, I have made a compilation of everything that you need to know so as to be at the top of your game. So, without further ado let’s dive right into it.

Title

The title is a very essential part of your lab reports as it gives it the identity and it gives the reader a clear line of where you are heading. The title should be brief and precise. It should only include the very essentials of the report and should tell the reader what you will be writing about. Remember that you should position your title in liaison with your hypothesis as this kind of flow will synchronize your whole paper. Always make the title descriptive, informative, and direct.

The first page of your lab report should be dedicated to the title, which is why it is called the ‘title page’. On top of the actual title of your paper, you should also include the name of the author(s) and the date it was published.

Table of content

The table of content is basically a guide of what shall be included in the paper and it only highlights the subtitles in the paper and the number page. It makes work easier and organizes your paper in a professional manner. It also comes in handy when you need to reference or scheme for certain information. Having in mind that you have already conducted the whole experiment beforehand then this should be very easy as it is basically a review of what you did. According to research done late last year showed that you should always start off by filling the table of content, it gives you the format that you will use in your paper. The reason behind this is because it follows the APA format of writing that is globally recommended and accepted for these kinds of papers. The APA format of writing encompasses a variety of details among which are font used, the procedure to be followed, and most importantly the dos and don’ts.

When following this style of writing you can be sure not to miss any detail as it is basically similar to implementing an already established system. If you are familiar with the APA format of writing you will realize that it is well articulated in the following steps.

Abstract

The abstract of your paper is supposed to give the general feeling of your paper and give a pre-summary of what you will covering. Of course, you cannot go into details as that will be well handled in the conclusion. This helps set up the rhythm of the paper. Ensure that you give the main ideas in the paper but do not pick-up phrases from the article unless it is a direct quotation.

Introduction

Everyone knows that in everything that you do, there must be an introduction, may it be a meeting, interview, or even formal documents this is no different here. You have to start it off with a strong introduction. This creates a firm basis for your lab report. In this section, you can state the hypothesis. The hypothesis is the guiding statement that tells what experiment you shall be tackling and on top of that the expected results at the end of the experiment. This should be in liaison with the title.

When creating your introduction, you can also review an existing theory of the research that you will be undertaking. Mostly the experiments that you will be conducting will not be a new thing in the field and there might be a paper done on the same and it is vital that you compare your results for the purpose of accuracy. However, depending on a couple of variables such as your sample and other surrounding factors, it is possible to get different results. This does not mean that you are wrong. Select the most suitable theory that fits your circumstances and that is most likely to give similar results to yours.

Next, you need to give basic information on the theory and how it is related to what you will be handling. This elevates your reader’s position and eliminates any dangling questions.

Lab safety and precautions

The word experiment according to the English dictionary means ‘perform a scientific procedure, especially in a laboratory, to determine something.’ This means that the reaction is still unknown until the experiment is done. A simple wrong miscalculation and wrong mixing of solutions could lead to an unprecedented reaction that could be catastrophic. Hereby, you are urged to get through all lab safety and precautions depending on the kind of experiment you will be conducting. Ensure that everything is clearly labeled and that safety measures are in place.

Your scientific lab report could potentially be used in the future by another scholar as a point of review and this could have an immense impact. It is the small things such as these that matter.

The experimental procedure, types of equipment, methods, and collection

Now going a notch deeper into this, you now define your experiment. What do I mean by defining your experiment?

Identify your equipment

Different experiments require different types of equipment and components to test different reactions. You need to first identify all your equipment and solutions and samples as well that you will be engaging. The more details that you offer here, the better. You should describe everything in all its aspects possible, by color, texture, shape, form, smell, and all other characteristics. This will give a clear picture of what you are working with.

State your experimental procedures

Experimental procedures are an accurate representation of how you conduct your experiment to achieve certain results. They include definite facts and should be followed to the letter. Depending on the type of method you have chosen then it has its own procedure and if it is messed up could render the whole project void. This is because a change in procedure leads to different results and using the wrong measure of solutions makes the project ineffective.

Data collection

write my lab report
Data collection in a lab

As a scientist, the very heart of your work is in keeping records. Records are basically a written representation of your findings from your experiment as a result of the seen reactions. Data collection is mostly done in a tabular form and maybe a combination of statements and figures. This representation of data is essential in data analysis and making conclusions.

While collecting data you can do it in a guided manner, or in an unguided manner. Some procedures also define how data should be collected while others leave it up to the researcher depending on what they are looking for. In every stage, make sure to note even the slightest change. Remember that a state of no reaction is still a result that should be considered and documented. However, you should already have in mind what you were expecting to find. This basis is already created from the data you had collected from previous similar experiments done. It can also be guided by your hypothesis.

Calculations

Raw data is not useful to anyone other than the researcher, and this is only to a certain degree. This means that you have to synthesize the data into more meaningful information by doing the necessary calculation on your data depending on the results that you got and also depending on what you want to prove. These calculations should be inclined towards proving your hypothesis and MUST be shown.

The main reason for showing your calculations is to remove any doubts from your evaluator or reader’s mind on the clarity of your results. It could also save you the hustle of having to retrace where you might have messed step. It works as a win-win for everyone.

Results

Now that you already have the calculations in check it time to make meaning from all that you have done. First things first, Are the results found the same as what you expected? If so what does it mean for your paper? If not, where did you go wrong/ was it on your hypothesis? experiment? your data collection or in your analysis? If you are able to answer all these questions then you are set up for a good finish.

Conclusion and summary

A strong conclusion is ideal for these sorts of papers. They give you an open ground to basically review your paper and experiment process as well. You are allowed to give an acute but brief overview of your experiment, data collection, and analysis. You can state the challenges you might have faced and also give recommendations. A well-placed conclusion will often take your paper from a 7 to a 10.

While writing the summary it is vital that you give credit where it is due and acknowledge the sources from which you base your work on so as not to be flagged for plagiarism. On top of giving the collaboration of your hypothesis, (thesis, if available) and your results you can also state your references as well. Credibility is key.

The whole representation of the lab report should be in a formal tone, in the past tense as it is assumed that you only compile this paper after you have conducted the experiment and you use the third person reference.

If this all seems complex for you, you can always pay someone to write my lab report and compile it for you and you can be sure to get the best quality there is. The simple reason is that an expert lab report writer has handled a lot of such projects and are up to date with the different writing style as recommended. They also know when and how to include the presented information. Lab report writing have never gotten this easier.

With all the above information you can be sure that you are set up for the perfect lab report.

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How To Write Systematic Literature Review

HOW TO WRITE SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

how to write systematic literature reviewThe process of research is quite cumbersome but even more delicate is the presentation of your findings. More often than not, researchers are forced to do some further research on how to present their findings. Given that there are many channels of research, one of the most pursued avenues is of literature review. This is done by keenly putting a singular or a group of research findings under the scope and weighing its accuracy in relation to your hypothesis. This avenue has been pursued mostly to tell of the progressive steps that have been taken in certain fields. Now that I have gotten your attention, lets jump right into it and break this down.

Hypothesis

A hypothesis basically refers to having the end in mind even before starting your research. A hypothesis is a statement that poses the question that you will be seeking to answer. In formulating this question, you will be looking to be not only relevant but also lead your writers to the end goal.

Despite having a leading question, you also need to have a guiding statement which is what we will call the thesis. The thesis is a summary of the hypothesis and it is a statement that states your stand through the literature review. This means that you should have it in mind at all times and often give reference to it so as not to lose relevance and miss the aim of the paper. It is also important to quote the preferred method of research and what you will use to sieve and grade your information.

Research

From the lay-man understanding of literature review, this is basically the reviewing of already published literature as a source of information. With this in mind, you will have to first research for relevant research articles, books and literary material. Once you are equipped with this material it’s now time for the treasure hunt. It is quite imperative that you keep an open mind while researching as this will avoid bias altogether. The data you are looking for will be quite vast and will be categorized by both an alignment of ideas to your thesis as well as those that are of a variant opinion.

Data Analysis

After going through a variety of sources in search of information that answers your hypothesis you then have to filter and restrain yourself to sources that you feel will be quite consequential in your paper. This will be dependent on the strategy you had decided on to help you sieve and grade the information. Pick preferred literature that you will hereby put under the scope for scrutiny. This officially now brings us to the literature review. The research part of this project is as vital as the presentation and submission as well, after all, we wouldn’t want to present half-hearted done work.

Away from the research now, we have to represent the data in a more reasonable, meaningful and most importantly acceptable way that is up to standard. According to the international standards of writing, the APA format[style] of writing has come highly recommended on a global scale. The APA style is an all-round format that takes consideration of all principles of writing and most certainly ensures that you do not miss out any details.

Format of Systematic Literature Review

how to write APA literature reviewThis is the American Psychological Association that has come in as the go-to format when it comes to psychological and social science-related projects. It has over time proved its worth as it covers all the necessary scope allowing no room for any omission. So how is the layout in APA format?

Title

Every work of literature has to have a title, after all, even you have a name. The title has to be in line with whatever it is that you will be talking about in your paper. However, there are a couple of reservations when it comes to creating this heading.

  1. The title should be in capital letters all through.
  2. The font used in the title should be the same font that you use all through your writing
  3. The title should not be italics nor should it be underlined.
  4. Finally, it is imperative that you limit your title to as few words as possible that pass the general feel of your writing. Avoid using unnecessary words and phrases in your title. However, it should be relevant. On the same note, refrain yourself from using abbreviations in the title.

Contrary to the titles in other forms of writing such as a report, this will require to be on its own page and with it, it is accompanied by a couple of details such as who are authors, institution affiliation ( for professional papers) but in the case of an academic paper you can add the lecturer’s name, unit name and due date.

Running headers

Given that this might be quite lengthy, it is important that you add page headers and with them comes page numbering as well. This is a feature that is easily accessible in writing applications. The page header is simply a replication of the title phrase at the very top of the page.

Abstract

An abstract is a summary of the literature(s) that you’ll be reviewing. This allows the reader to familiarize themselves as well as brace themselves for the review. Having a good abstract is of utmost importance as it tells the reader if it is worth reading and sets their attitude towards your review.

Body

Enough of teasing your readers with summaries and titles, you now give them the real deal which is covered in the body. Now when generating the body you will need to start with a reminder of the concept you will be bringing on the table which will be contained in the thesis statement.

Now you have an open ground to work from as you can take either side depending on your point of view or findings you got you can either support or go against the findings. How do you do this? What do you follow?

Chronology

Take a journey from the point that your research started and to there your findings took you. This will tell you on the changes that have taken place and as you join the dots along the way you will be able to tell where your hypothesis fits in.

Methodology 

For each of the works of literature that you put under the scope, they all used a certain method to arrive at their findings. So how does the method of choice affect the findings? What methodological preferences are available? And how different are the results from different approaches? All these are vital questions that both you and your reader will be looking to unravel by the end of the review.

Ideology.

All these researchers that you have in mind are quite unique in their ideology depending on different factors that surrounded their research. Subsequently, you too have your won ideology which is why you are undertaking the review. While introducing the different theories presented you will find their similarities and differences as well as their contributions to the field

Result

Result based research is ideal in these situations. It is from presented results that projects are evaluated and depending on the idea in mind and the method used then we are in a position to state the results.

Headings and subheadings

The ability to deliver a point across is also dependent on the presentation. This would suggest that so as to keep the reader in the flow and to ensure maximum simplification it is good that you use headings and subheadings when delivering points. This can subsequently be used in summarizing your work and easy referencing through scheming. They can be numbered or even underlined to help them stand out.

The body of your review should not be as long as most people are led to believe. Only relevant points are to be included.

Tone

As we had stated earlier systematic literature review can either be used in academic settings or professional settings. In both of these settings, it is advised that you try as much as you can to keep the tone on an official zone. This passes across the notion of professionalism and indicated that you know clearly what you are doing. On the same note, you should use active voice.

Given that the basis of your paper is primarily on other peoples reports on their research then

Punctuation and numerical

A literature review is not limited to only qualitative review which means that quantity as a measure of value will be used and this can only be represented in numerical form. However, when representing this information, it is important that you remember that only numbers above 10 are numerically written while numbers below ten are spelt out.

The basic rules of punctuation are also followed to the letter with a couple of tweaks here and there. These changes, however, are still new into the new 7th edition APA format guidebook. A good example of this is that when refereeing to a period in plural from you should not add an apostrophe. in the 1990s, not in the 1990s!. these are just a couple of things that require you to be conscious about to maintain the high-level standards that we have set ourselves to since the start.

Conclusion and summary

The end of your paper is one of the most important parts as it is the ultimate climax as far as the body is concerned. In this section, you are supposed to conclude your paper and prove your thesis. This is what basically tells you if you have maintained relevance and if all that you have compiled is relevant yo your thesis statement.

You need to revisit both the thesis and hypothesis and now give your verdict on whether or not you are for or against it. All your argument is now focused on this moment and you can lead your reader to halt. A strong conclusion is always highly recommended.

Referencing and citations

By now it is quite clear that literature review is basically taking another author’s, or a group of authors literature and reviewing it on the scale of a given hypothesis. This means that through your paper you will need to acknowledge your sources and at the end, you will be required to give credit where it is due. Under no circumstances should you avoid this section. This will be the only thing that protects you from plagiarism and spinning. So how do your citations and your referencing of sources?

Well, despite the fact that these word at times used interchangeably they hold a different meaning.

Citation

A citation may come randomly within the paper and it most commonly is seen whenever there is a quotation of phrase from one of your sources. When quoting this you cite only the name of the publisher and the date that the document was published. This adds clarity to your work and does not mislead the reader to work on an assumption on whether the phrases are yours or they are borrowed. Some of the sources you might use are well known on a global scale and this is hard to not acknowledge them after all you don’t want to run the risk of plagiarism

Referencing

When it comes to referencing you have to include the name of the document, name of the publisher, title of the section and even the URL used in research. In this, there is no leaving anything for imagination. When referencing, you will have to take a different approach to book texts, newspapers and even in journals. They are all individual pieces. This part of the literature review is always the lats and this sets the climax of your paper

Well! Literature reviews have just gotten easier with all this info at your disposal. Remember that if you are to follow APA style of formatting then you should take heed of details and this might be the thing that talks you from a 7 to a 10. As I always say, you should get the best out of everything and this should not be an exception.

Also you can talk to our literature review writing services for assistance and guidance on how to write systematic review.

GIS Technology in Corona Virus Disease Surveillance

GIS TECHNOLOGY IN CORONA VIRUS DISEASE SURVEILLANCE 

Corona Virus, otherwise known as COVID-19 is a respiratory disease that mainly affects the respiratory system and is characterized by sneezing, headache, tiredness and a dry cough.

The disease has an incubation period on between 1-14 days before developing symptoms, which is why people are advised to take a 14-day personal quarantine to avoid the spread and also ascertain that you are not infected. We cannot ignore the massive progress that has been made in this field, despite the fact that there has not been found a cure nor a vaccine. One of the best ways to join in the fight against this virus is by washing your hand regularly with soap and running water. It is also advisable to use hand sanitizers to disinfect your hands regularly as well. Remember, that it can be spread from coming into contact with contaminated persons or surfaces and this may include even money as well, which is why people are encouraged to use mobile money transfer methods and most importantly stay at home.

GIS technology in covid 19 surveillanceWith scientist working around the clock to minimize the spread and also try and get a cure for the novel disease, Corona Virus, or as many of you will call it, Covid-19, they need help from every available channel and geographical data analyst have risen to the task once again to help and show them in a simplified version how the virus is spreading. So what is GIS technology? What is its relevance in relation to the Corona Virus? GIS technology is basically the collection, analyzing, manipulation and representation of spatial and geographic data as deemed relevant according to the set criteria. In our previous segment, we analyzed a couple of software that have been tested and proven time and again to be the best GIS program every GIS analyst should learn. However, amid this pandemic, how do these systems help us and what role are they playing in making sure that the human race overcomes this terror? Well, this is how. Our GIS assignment writers compiled a list of how the world can use GIS technology in Covid-19 surveillance.

As you have already heard in the news, Corona Virus can trace its origin from Wuhan China, and for a minute there the world was not all that concerned with what was happening there until the number of people rose to a couple of hundreds and eventually, the first case of the disease was felt in another country and now this got more real for everyone. During the first run of the virus, there were random speculations as the disease was affecting random people at random places and in no particular order. However with time, after collection and grouping of data, it was now established that people were affected at different rates and thus the disease manifested at different periods. With this data the world was now able to see the region covered and also able to trace how it spread, this then led to the lockdown of cities in China to avoid the spread. Now with this in mind, I am sure you now understand how the vents unfolded.

Helps predict patterns and future outbreaks

As we have heard time and again we can never know where we are going unless we know where we are coming from. GIS technology has offered us that leverage as collected data is now analyzed and well represented and in turn, trends can be predicted. So why is so important to know the trends when it comes to Corona virus? As I had mentioned in the previous segment on, all about Corona virus, The virus is spread very fast by contact with surfaces or with people who have the virus, however, the virus is not air-borne. All it takes for the virus to spread is a simple handshake, a sneeze or even coming to contact with contaminated surfaces.

When the ministry of health or CDC is able to predict the areas that might be affected next, they impose closed quarantine in those areas and also are equipped in the event of an emergency. On top of that, it also helps advice people accordingly.

Real-time tracking of Covid-19 spread

GIS assignmentsThe world health organization is at the front line in helping fight this pandemic and they are doing the best they can in collaboration with both the affected countries and those that are not yet infected. Having in mind that they have this tasks in hand, they have also adopted a GIS system that assists them to get live updates of what is happening in terms of the cases being reported all over the globe. They are able to update their systems every 15 minutes with the latest news in terms of the spread and research on Corona Virus. GIS analysts have come up with a global map that shows the extent to which every country has been affected by the virus. However, the good thing is that they do not reveal the specific identities of the affected individual.

Distribution of economic aid

On a global scale, media houses have shifted their focus from the political arena, celebrity drama and right to the health sector. This has been the trend for all sectors that revolve around us. Social distancing has been stressed upon severally by the CDC, the ministry of health and even the world health organization. This without saying comes with a negative impact in terms of the world economy. This has not gone unnoticed by the World Bank which has in turn offered to work liaison with countries affected by the virus. Given that there is a variation in the geographical and number of victims in each country, they have to refer back to the data analysis presented by GIS analysts to equally give aid to countries. We can be certain that there will be a major backdrop in the standard of living in affected countries but at the same time still thankful that the World Bank has cushioned the landing.

Internal analysis

Medical facilities that are involved in the handling of patients and those in charge or research also find GIS technology quite relevant. There is so much that goes on in the medical facilities that people are not aware of but I think this is all for our good. However, given that this is a first time for us to deal with this disease, information such as its origin and all the conditions surrounding the disease, why the infection rate is higher in some regions than others is very vital. So on an internal basis, the medical institutions collect that data and share it to the concerned institutions for further development. On top of that, they also find conventional mapping to be very important and this reduces the response time when a case is found.

The world has come a long way and thanks to the ever-evolving technology, we are at an advantage even in the midst of this calamity. News surrounding Corona Virus reached every corner of the globe in less than an hour and education on its nature, how its spreads and how to protect one’s self is done on all media systems, including mainstream media and social media. This is however not the first time that GIS systems have been used, however, it is the first time that it has been used under the modern world. In the past, people used to wait for manual collection data and represent it on charts and maps, which took longer and the information ran a high risk of inaccuracy between updates. I can therefore not fail to acknowledge the major progress that has been made in this field by the day.

Read more on Covid-19 symptoms, causes and how to stop spread the virus

How To Write APA Literature Review

How To Write APA Literature Review

how to write APA literature reviewAre you a student writing your dissertation, thesis or capstone project? then learning how to write APA literature review is a must. APA style of literature is one of the most appreciated and one that has been taken up vastly into the curriculum. Many dissertation papers and other quality writings have taken up this form of writing. It has been found to be quite presentable and comprehensive in that it covers all the details and also that it gives references. I wouldn’t think of a better format of writing that ensures such a good flow of idea and a continuity of thoughts than APA style of writing. This will be one of the most informative articles as it would probably be the reason that you get those extra marks in your dissertation paper. I will be showing you how to get in the flow with APA style in literature.

Guidelines: How To Write APA Literature Review

Writing style

You are to make sure that you familiarize yourself with the basic writing styles there is and given that they actually include tonal variation and approach you should use a formal kind of tone in your piece. This will be able to communicate a level of professionalism and it reassures the reader that you really know what you were into. It also helps in the event that it is to be put up for a presentation; it can never go wrong with any kind of audience.  Basically, you need to make sure that you use a formal tone and that you are unbiased.

Formatting

The other thing that can easily pull you down and dismiss your piece from being in an APA style to any other style is the formatting; by formatting, I mean what the outlook is basically made of. You will want to consider factors such as font type, size, spacing, title page, and even the margins. You have to be precise and realize that using a font of 11 is not the same as using a 12 font. You should write your piece in Times New Romans and make sure that the font size is up to 12, not higher, not less. Having a comprehensive understanding of the APA formatting style could easily take your piece from being a 7 to a 9. You will realize that when you combine ideas and a good format, you get a complete piece. But when you just have the ideas you will be missing something.

In-text citation

This covers all things content and what is engulfed in your piece. Hear me out on this, I don’t really mean that you reinvent the wheel but you need to bring some originality in your work. You have to make sure that your work is plagiarism free and it is fresh. That can only be as a result of vast research and getting content that is quite reliable. You might need to get a couple of sources to match and after you get a trend you can now fixate on one piece that seems to be quite comprehensive. However, have in mind that if you decide to pick something from a piece that you show that by bringing in the opening and closing inverted commas and stating out from where it came from. However, this too has to be done professionally. You have to state the date, month then the year or vice-versa and give credit where it is due by giving a name.

Reference

literature review outlineThis will normally come at the end of your article where you will give credit where it is due by citing out the sources of your research and how much it impacted your writing. It is usually not a random way of doing it as it also has a legal kind of aspect to it where it protects content researched and produced by others. Take for instance, what would you do if you found someone else out there using your work and getting a credit on it without even acknowledging you? It would be very hurtful and you may decide to take legal action. However, it is also for credibility purposes. This is because, some of the material that people use, are well-known pieces from people such as Sir Newton, Shakespeare, and the other legends that when you try using as your work will question your credibility. After all, you don’t want to be a copycat and a quack.

In the event of a literature review, you will need to fixate on a certain piece of work that you will be working on. In your article, you will have to have a thesis that you will stand behind all the way to the end. You will also find it quite useful if in some fields if you take an approach of using a hypothesis. In this way, you can take a swaying vote to either bring on some more exciting facts that might have been omitted or you can raise an argument against that. This will also mean that while giving your reference you will have to state what you are backing up or going against. This is quite an open field and according to your research or opinion, you can take a side.

Unlike other forms of writing, the APA style of writing seems to be the most appreciated especially by the department of sciences and also the literature department. As a student of sciences and literature you will need to learn how to write APA literature review to get maximum point. The similarity between these two fields being that they are both technical and that they need a high level of professionalism to pass on their ideas without breaking the thought and maintaining the flow. I am by now convinced that the best article means the article with good flow and a comprehensive pack of ideas.

To get a good grasp on this you will need to take your time and study other pieces that have adopted that kind of writing. You should also try converting some of your pieces into this format and practice more and more on this. You will be a pro in this within no time. As a matter of fact, a study from one of the world’s leading universities has shown that in the next couple of years this style will have been integrated into every other field.

Buy Literature Review From Experts Who Know How To Write APA Literature Review

During your college and university learning you will be required to write research papers, dissertation, thesis or capstone project paper. A literature review is a must write section in any of these papers. In case you’re yet to muster how to write APA literature review you will be have to hire a literature review writer. Don’t worry!! most students pay literature review helper due to tight schedules and lack of effective writing skills. At expertwritinghelp.com we assist students write all types of literature reviews that include:

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Learning how to write APA literature review is critical if you’re to become a researcher. It is imperative to follow our guide to muster basics of literature review writing.

How to Write Nursing Care Plans

How to Write Nursing Care Plans

how to write nursing care plansNursing care plans are unavoidable in nursing school and nursing workplaces. That’s why you must learn how to write nursing care plans. Your professor needs detailed nursing care plans. They want you to learn how to process information and think like a professional nurse. That explains why your teacher wants you to write nursing assignments all of the time. You’ll write nursing care plans, whether the class is community care or mental health. Learning how to write nursing care plans is critically important for anyone who wants to become a nurse.

What are Nursing Care Plans and Why Do They Matter?

Why learn how to write nursing care plans, evidence based practice papers among other health care paper plans? Nursing care plans are written documents or medical records that form an integral part of the nursing process. Different places may use slightly different formats, but the final document achieves the same aims in every place. Nursing care plans guide how nurses provide nursing care to patients. The documents help nurses working different shifts know the exact actions other nurses have taken for each patient. These records are a consistently reliable way of organizing and communicating the actions of everyone involved in patient care. Specifically, nursing care plans document assessment, diagnoses, planned interventions, and evaluation. Each aspect is a precise process that nurses handle with ease. Once you learn how to write nursing care plans, your confidence will increase. And you’ll likely see better grades.

The 5 Steps That Lead to Well-developed Nursing Care Plans

Nursing care plans do not follow the exact same format in every place. That said, the following five steps should give you a document that satisfies your professor. Here are the steps on how to write nursing care plans: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation/Nursing Orders, and Evaluation. Let’s consider each step and see how each contributes to the final document.

Step 1: Write the Assessment Section of Your Care Plan

nursing assignment writing serviceWhile preparing a care plan, assessment is the first step of the process. As you fill out this part of the template, there are a few critical questions you need to answer. Why is the patient here? Why are they seeking care? What’s the patient’s general appearance?  You need to be able to do an accurate and comprehensive assessment. Assessment is about collecting and recording different kinds of data.

According to the American Nurses Association, you should gather physiological, economic, sociocultural, and spiritual data. You should also capture lifestyle information. Assessment seeks to understand the physical causes of pain, how the pain manifests itself, and how the patient responds. Your assessment may look like this: Anger directed at family and hospital staff, refusal to eat, request for pain mediation. Maybe your patient’s skin is cold and clammy. The assessment section should be brief, just like every other section included in a well-written nursing care plan.

Step 2: Fill Out the Diagnoses Part of the Care Plan Template

The diagnoses part focuses on the “What” of the patient’s condition. Here, you’re trying to answer this question: “What’s the patient’s problem?” The information recorded in this section helps nurses determine the care the patient will receive. The diagnoses part of a nursing care plan lists the conditions and health problems a patient is facing.It aims to develop a nursing diagnosis statement.

4 Types of Nursing Diagnosis

North American Nursing Diagnosis Organization-International classifies nursing diagnoses into four categories. Here they are: Actual diagnosis, Risk diagnosis, Health Promotion diagnosis, and Syndrome diagnosis. Each type of diagnosis can lead to an effective diagnosis statement, which is the main aim of the diagnosis section. Each diagnosis statement has three parts. The first part is the problem statement or diagnostic label. For example, the problem may be nausea or anxiety. The second part is the “related to” or RT part. This part focuses on the cause of the problem. The third part presents the defining characteristics. Defining characteristics, usually expressed as “…as evidenced by…” means the signs or symptoms that support your diagnosis.

Actual Diagnosis

According to NANDA-I, an actual diagnosis makes a clinical judgment about how a patient experiences or responds to health conditions or life processes. Actual diagnoses are existing problems that a nurse can identify. These conditions and life processes may exist in the patient, their family, or community. Here’s an example of an actual nursing diagnosis: Ineffective airway clearance. Or, spiritual distress. Another example: Sleep Deprivation.

Risk Diagnosis

A risk diagnosis describes human responses to life processes or health problems that may develop in an individual, family, or community. Here, the family, individual, or community isn’t facing any condition, but they remain vulnerable.  Certain risk factors may increase vulnerability for different conditions. Risk diagnoses are health problems, conditions or situations that do not currently exist but which may occur. For example: Risk for shock.

Health Promotion Diagnosis

This diagnosis refers to a clinical judgment regarding the motivation or desire of an individual, family, or community to increase wellbeing. It’s also about the desire or motivation to “actualize human health potential,” according to NANDA-I. That desire or motivation gets expressed as a readiness for specific health behavior(s).NANDA-I further states that a health promotion diagnosis statement normally starts with the phrase “Expresses desire to enhance….” For example: Expresses desire to enhance nutrition.

Syndrome Diagnosis

A syndrome diagnosis is a clinical judgment that describes a particular cluster of nursing diagnoses that normally occur together. Such diagnoses typically get addressed together and require similar interventions. While writing this diagnosis, you must use at least two diagnoses as defining characteristics. For example: relocation stress syndrome.

Here’s how you would write a complete nursing diagnosis statement for your assignment:

Ineffective Airway Clearance: Diagnostic label

Ineffective Airway Clearance RT fatigue: “related to”

Complete statement: Ineffective Airway Clearance RT fatigue as evidenced by dyspnea at rest.

Note: The “related to” and “as evidenced by..” parts are important when you’re writing nursing school assignments.  However, they are not always necessary in nursing workplaces where nurses use computers to prepare care plans. One more thing: keep the nursing diagnosis book recommended by your school handy. It promotes accuracy and makes writing diagnoses somewhat easier.

A Nursing Diagnosis is Different than a Medical Diagnosis: Write the Right Diagnosis

Don’t confuse a nursing diagnosis with a medical diagnosis. North American Nursing Diagnosis Organization-International (NANDA-I) clarifies the difference between a nursing diagnosis and a medical diagnosis. According to NANDA-I, a nursing diagnosis describes a patient’s responses to actual health problems or potential health problems. In contrast, a medical diagnosis defines an injury or disease process. Only a doctor can write a medical diagnosis. So, avoid listing down diagnoses such as “Diabetes,” or “Heart disease,” or Cancer.” Based on a nursing diagnosis, a nurse can easily select an effective intervention method.

Step 3: Write the Planning Part of Your Nursing Care Plan

At this point, you need to set specific, measurable, and achievable goals that guide care for the patient. You need to decide what short-range goals and long-range goals the patient’s care will pursue. So, what goals do you want to set for the patient? Suppose you have an immobilized patient. You may set a goal suchasPatient will move from bed to chair 3 times per day. Another goal might be: Patient will tolerate clear liquids within 18 hours without vomiting and nausea. Or, Patient will be pain-free within 3 hours. Let’s write down one more goal: Patient will report decreased nausea within 12 hours. The goals are clear and measurable, and everyone involved knows what each goal means.

Step 4: Complete the Implementation/Interventions Part

The Interventions part focuses on helping the patient and care providers achieve expected outcomes. Each patient’s record reveals the specific actions nurses need to take. So, write down the actual actions that require attention, including how often and how long. For example: Nurse to assess patient’s nausea every 6 hours. Example 2: Nurse will administer pain medication as ordered or needed.

Step 5: Finally, Evaluate the Nursing Care Plan; Decide if the Plan Needs Modification

Nurses must keep evaluating their patients’ wellness or health status. They also need to keep evaluating the effectiveness of the nursing care provided. The evaluation section carefully considers each goal set for the patient. For this section, a goal was either “Met” or “Unmet.” What if a goal gets “unmet?” You may need to revisit the diagnosis step. You may also modify the goals or add interventions.

Nursing Rationales: Not Always Included but Your Professor May Ask You to Include it

Your professor may ask you to include a nursing rationale in your nursing care plan. Nursing rationales can be confusing, and writing them may give you problems. You’ll understand rationales best if you can see how they interact with nursing diagnoses, care goals, and interventions. Basically, a rationale explains why a nurse set a particular goal or chose a specific intervention. Every nursing intervention needs a nursing rationale. Here’s an example of how you might write a nursing rationale:

Pain control will help the patient improve their life by enabling them participate in physical therapy exercises.

Final Remarks on How to Write Nursing Care Plans

Writing nursing care plans can be quite confusing. Nursing students may not always clearly understand the differences between the various elements of a care plan. It’s easy to confuse “Planning” and “interventions,” for example. Also, some students may not know how nursing diagnoses differ from medical diagnoses. One more thing: your instructor decides the specific format you should follow for your nursing assignment. Hopefully, this post has described each part of a nursing care plan clearly and helpfully.

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How To Write Economics Research Paper

How to Write Economics Research Paper

how to write economics research paperAre you a student undertaking economics either in university or college? Then you know that economics is the study of efficient allocation of limited resources to optimally produce goods and services. Economics has two broad branches that include microeconomics and macroeconomics. Economics students study the two branches at different levels as their concepts are interrelated. During your Economics class you will be required to write microeconomics essays, research papers and case studies. Similarly you will be required to write macroeconomic essays, research papers and case studies. Our expert macroeconomics assignment help experts will give you invaluable tips on how to write effective economics papers to garner maximum points.

In writing an economics research paper, you’re expected to demonstrate your academic knowledge on your subject. Your readers (professor or research committee) will be evaluating your ability to craft questions based on economic logic. Also in scrutiny will be your ability to critically analyze literature, and your ability to sort out empirical issues when they arise.

Your paper should demonstrate that you’re more analytical, sophisticated and knowledgeable about economics than, for instance, a New York Times editorial writer.

To write an effective economics research paper, you should provide evidence, cite sources, and clarify economic trade-offs. Your paper should also include methods of constrained optimizations and statistical analysis which is a core part of economics as a science.

Where do I start when writing an economics research paper?

Start with research

The research process is a critical first step. Research will help you:

  1. Developing a deeper and wider understanding of your subject
  2. Generating ideas for your paper
  3. Developing your thesis statement
  4. Articulating your ideas with authority

Gather relevant materials and start reviewing them. Here is a list of information sources:

  • Books and periodicals
  • Google scholar
  • Online almanacs, databases, and encyclopedias
  • Newspapers
  • Government reports, guides, and publications

As you sift through information, take notes and keep track of the reference materials so that you can cite them later in your paper.

Organize before writing: Now that your research has yielded tons of idea, you should start to logically organize your presentation. Without this important process, your research paper will lack focus and your thoughts will be jumbled.

Types of Economics Research Papers

Theoretical

Theoretical papers are a great option when you can’t find reliable data or when data is unreliable. This type of papers make practical assumptions about the actors involved, the environment and then make a prediction of what will ‘theoretically’ happen in case the factors described by the research question came true.

Empirical

Empirical papers are an excellent choice when relevant data is available. Empirical papers use collected data to make conclusion.

Empirical + Theoretical

Empirical + theoretical papers make assumptions and then use data to approve or disprove those assumptions.

Thesis Statement

A thesis statement is a brief summarization of the key point of your essay and a preview of the supporting points. The thesis statement is a critical feature of your paper as it guides readers on the direction your paper will take – from the main idea to supporting points.

Outline

An outline will help you articulate your thoughts in a coherent and logical manner. Once you’ve come up with a thesis statement, the next step is crafting an outline of the main points that support your thesis. Have the main points as your subheadings. You should then organize all your information under subheadings.

Information that doesn’t fit into your outline, however interesting you find it, won’t add value to your paper. Keep your focus on your thesis and leave out anything that’s irrelevant.

Writing an effective research paper

Once you’ve developed a thesis statement and organized an outline, you’ll now have a clear direction on how to write your paper.

Elements of a Good Economics Research Paper:

Introduction

An introduction presents the background and the context of your paper. Engage your reader by starting with a strong opening sentence. Writing academic papers doesn’t mean writing in dry and boring prose.

Your introduction should answer the following questions:

  1. What is the paper about?
  2. Why should I read it?
  3. What steps do you want me to take?

Here is how to answer the questions:

  1. Set context – Provide information about your main idea. Help the reader make sense of your topic and your claims.
  2. State your main idea and why you think it’s important – Explain to your readers why they should read and care about your paper. Create a clear and compelling essay that gets people to read and act on its findings.
  3. State you claim – compose a brief statement that states your position.

Body

Your outlines will come in handy at this stage. However, your writing should not be limited to the outline – an outline is a guideline to keep you focused. Be open-minded but remain focused on your thesis statement and in articulating supporting points.

Apply the rule of three. Craft supporting arguments for your points, start with a strong point, followed by an even stronger point, and then close with the strongest point.

Here are more tips on how to write your body:

Data overview: Outline the data you’ve used, point out its source, denote its strengths and weaknesses and the time frame under which it was collected.

Literature Review: Chances are, the questions you’re exploring are not new. Give a brief summary and analysis of other works in your area of focus and how they relate to your work.

Conclusion

It’s at this point that you wrap up your presentation. Most research papers end with a restatement of the thesis statement. Present a reword of your thesis statement. Briefly explain how your points support your argument. If there are gaps in your research, point out what needs to be researched further.

Revise your research essay paper draft.

Revising your paper takes more than just fixing typos. Here is a checklist of what you need to do:

Developmental Editing

  • What’s your thesis statement? Is clear? Is it concise?
  • Does the paper flow logically from beginning to end?
  • Do the paragraphs follow a logical sequence?
  • Are your ideas detailed and concrete?
  • Is your thesis statement fully supported by your arguments?
  • Have you cited all your sources?
  • Are any of your ideas repeated?

Line edit

  • How is your language? Is it clear? Is it specific?
  • Does your narrative flow smoothly and clearly from sentence to sentence?
  • Are their filler phrases and words that need to be cleared?
  • Is your grammar, spelling, and punctuation on point?

Writing a research paper is a lot of work, but it if you follow the suggestions above, it can be can enjoyable and rewarding process.

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How to Write Financial Management Research Papers

financial management paper writerResearch paper writing is undoubtedly a daunting task for many college students. And finance is not the “softest” area when it comes to writing research papers. Developing a research paper in literature or anthropology can be challenging in certain ways. But when it comes to areas such as financial management, things can get quite complicated. Financial management covers various topics that are very hard to understand. That’s the reason most students might feel intimidated by the prospect of writing a research paper in this area of study. Hopefully, the following guide on how to write financial management research papers helps.

Financial Management Research Writing is Technical Writing:  Before you read further, understand that writing a research paper in financial management is like writing any other type of research paper. While the degree of complexity of the content involved may vary with disciplines, the basic structure remains the same. However, the subject uses technical terminology and jargon that make researching it difficult. You must first understand the “language of finance” to write successfully.

Where Do I Begin?Start Reading: Starting is most often the hardest part. Whatever happens, do not allow yourself to get stuck. Use online resources such as websites, books, databases, and peer-reviewed journals to analyze relevant literature. Avoid sites whose authenticity you are not confident about. Keep an eye on extensions to domain names. You are all right using .gov, .edu, .org(for non-profits), and a few select .com sites.  To be successful at this stage, you need to have excellent comprehension skills. You should be able to sift through the massive content in front of you and get a sense of what matters most. Take notes. Start collecting sources.

How to Write Financial Management Research Papers: Choose Your Topic

The reading you did should provide you with a topic you can manage. So, decide the specific topic your financial management research paper will focus on. Go for an issue that challenges and interests you. Also, it needs to be an area your faculty members would find valuable. Always have your teacher approve your topic before you start working on it. In most cases, you may have to prepare a research proposal. Doing that saves you time and helps you avoid unnecessary stress down the road.

The Narrower the Topic, the More Focused Your Research: Studying a broad topic comes with various challenges. If your area of interest is too broad, you cannot thoroughly examine the topic. It is best to select an aspect of a financial management area and focus all your mental energy on it.

For example: Assume your broader research paper topic is “Risk Management: Goldman Sachs.” In this case, you can consider handling a narrower aspect like operational risk. Your new topic would now be “Operational Risk Management at Goldman Sachs.” Your study gets super focused with a narrower topic area. Generally, the narrower the topic, the easier developing it becomes.

Topic ideas and the topic types to avoid: Unless you are super confident about every possible financial management topic, avoid:

  • Topics that appear to be too technical
  • Topics that seem too specialized
  • Topics about which you can’t seem to find enough source materials and data

A few Suggested Research Areas

Here are some financial management topic areas you can consider:

  • Risk management: This is concerned with how organizations manage unforeseen events and how to minimize their impact on organizational performance. Types of risks include financial risk, economic risk, regulatory risks, human risks etc
  • Corporate governance: Under this topic a student can choose an organization and study the system of rules and processes that govern an organization. A hot topic in this area today is the composition of women in the board and their impact on sustainable business practices.
  • Investment management: This topic is concerned with how a financial institution manages its financial resources such as equity, fixed income instruments, commodities and alternative investments.
  • Performance management:
  • Criminal money management

Develop Your Thesis Statement

You have reviewed enough material and collected relevant information regarding your sources. It is time to write down your thesis statement. Writing a thesis statement might not be as straightforward as you probably think. A good thesis statement does not simply state a fact. Nor does it attempt to advance an opinion. Also,it is not supposed to be a topic. Carefully reviewing relevant material provides you with one “strong” idea. Your thesis statement represents the “belief” you form after analyzing all your sources.

People Should Support or Oppose Your Thesis Statement

financial management research paper writingIf you write a thesis statement no one wants to dispute, you most likely have stated a mere general fact or opinion. A well-written thesis statement causes others to say things like “ I do not agree with the author, but let me read on. “ Or, “ If I were the one writing this financial management research paper, this would be my position.” That is the reason you must avoid writing generic statements that do not stand out.

For Example: “Operational risk management at Goldman Sachs is effective.” Look at that statement. That statement may stir interest in people who agree the bank is doing a perfect job in operational risk management. Suppose we amended it a little and wrote, “Operational risk management in Goldman Sachs is effective, but the bank should do more to strengthen its systems.” What do you think about that statement? It makes people say “What more does this person know about Goldman Sachs?” They might also say “Goldman Sachs’ operational risk management is among the soundest known, but let’s hear what this author attempts to say.”

Make your statement inspire controversy, and you are on your way. Generally, there needs to be a bit of tension in your statement if it is to attract attention. So, pay attention while crafting the thesis statement.

How to Write Financial Management Research Papers: Structure

Having a clear idea regarding the specific format you will follow makes writing financial management research papers much easier. Here is an easy-to-follow structure you can adopt:

  • Title Page
  • Acknowledgement
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Body
  • References

Title Page

It is what your professor or any other person sees first. Typically, the way you write and format this page depends upon the conventions and rules associated with your editorial style. How you handle a cover page in MLA slightly differs from how you write it using APA. Consider reviewing the specific manual again to ensure you are fully conversant with it. Usually, there are marks for writing the page correctly. These are like “free” marks for students who are keen while formatting this page. Typically, this page contains the study title, the name of the author, names of the supervisors involved, institution, and course name. Financial management normally follows the APA style.

Acknowledgement

Thanking those who encouraged you or offered a helping hand along the way is important. Mention their names and what they did for you.

Abstract

Some people use the term “abstract” and “introduction” interchangeably. It is all right; it all depends on the discipline in question and what your instructors might prefer. The abstract summarizes what your study is all about. Typically, an abstract is shorter than an introduction. Writing 400 –500 words for this section is enough.

Your abstract must:

  • State the problem you intend to investigate
  • Indicate your study’s purpose
  • State the method used
  • Display major results
  • State significant implications and interpretations of your findings

How to Write Your Problem Statement

Every research paper aims to solve a problem. But you cannot effectively address a problem unless you have first identified it. The issue needs to be crystal clear to you before you can think of presenting it to others through a research paper. Writing a problem statement isn’t hard if you have been reading and noting ideas. You can get ideas from anywhere including online magazines, journalarticles, press releases, newspapers and so on.

First, Describe What Should be the Case: Ask yourself: What would the situation be like if this company was not grappling with this problem? Answering that question is like solving the problem that exists. But the current situation is different; it is not what it needs to be. For that reason, use transitions such as “However” or “Unfortunately” to introduce your problem.

Problem Statement Example: “Goldman Sachs should do everything it can to mitigate the risks it currently faces so that it can become a stronger bank able to withstand financial trouble in the future.” You have described how things should be.

You are saying that the bank now faces certain risks. And that it is not where it is supposed to be in terms of risk mitigation.  Now, let us write your problem statement:

“Unfortunately, Goldman Sachs is yet to act decisively regarding three risks that threaten to make it less competitive now and in the future. These are market risks, country risks, and political risks.”

Explain the Problem Using Facts and Figures: Find statistics that help you to explain the stated problem. Explaining the problem includes showing how Goldman Sachs suffers as a result of the current issue. You need not include citations in the abstract section. But you will need to provide support when it comes time to expound on those claims later on in the body.

Formulate Research Questions

Your research should restrict itself to answering your research questions. If you got the problem statement right, you should have no challenge writing the research questions. Research questions are “normal” questions ending with question marks.

For example:  “Which market risks does Goldman Sachs face?”

Research Introduction

The opening sentence needs to have the “power” to grab the reader’s attention quickly. Where an introduction is dull, the reader usually stops reading. Here is your opportunity to announce your topic. Use the “inverted triangle” approach. In this approach, you start with general topic issues. You then shift your focus to specific features of the issues indicated. You need to give the reader a “hint” of what they can expect. You have to include a list of keywords if you intend to publish your paper.

Your hypothesis or hypotheses and thesis statement are part of the introduction. A hypothesis allows you to make a supposition or prediction that guides your investigation of the issues at hand. Usually, your paper’s thesis should be the last sentence of the introduction. Note: In qualitative studies, researchers typically use hypothesis and thesis in more or less the same way.

Background Information

This information can be part of your introduction. Or it can be a separate part. Here, you need to show the reader that you understand your topic. And that you have developed a fundamental understanding of the research problem your study seeks to investigate. Essentially, this section tells the reader what you understood before you started planning this project. It describes the nature and history of the research question as it relates to existing literature.

Literature Review

The literature review section allows your audience to familiarize themselves with the various sources you have selected for your study.  Writing this part right presents you as a well-prepared researcher. The goal here should be to come across as someone possessing a profound knowledge of the area you are studying. Here, you need to include a review of recent, relevant works as well as the most current developments in that area. Your job is to analyze or evaluate the sources used and let the reader know which of them helped your research paper most.

Finally, you need to show why your work matters. How does it develop the already existing knowledge body?Why should anyone care about the work at all?

Methods

Here, you want to specify the study design you will be using. Are you going to do a qualitative or quantitative study? Depending on the nature of your topic, you can use either a quantitative or qualitative approach.  If you want to investigate the risk component of securities held by ordinary shareholders in a business, the quantitative method is the better approach. If your paper intends to study how these ordinary investors perceive risk, you may want to use the qualitative approach. Qualitative research does not usually rely on statistical analysis.

In the methods section, you must:

  • Describe the sampling strategy: in financial management research papers, you might not always deal with people as your participants. Your participants can be archival documents or literary texts. Such “participants” are usually “subjects” rather than participants.
  • Identify the variables, especially in a quantitative study. If your financial management study is qualitative, you do not need to have dependent and independent variables.
  • Describe data collection tools: If your research design is quantitative, you can use questionnaires. However, it the study is qualitative, interviews provide better quality information
  • Describe your procedures for carrying out the research
  • Offer information regarding your analysis methods

Findings

Once you have analyzed the data obtained, you need to report the results. Decide which aspects of your research paper are the most critical and interesting. Discuss the results of your inquiry. You must determine whether the findings you obtained answer all your research questions. Whether your financial management paper followed the quantitative approach or quantity approach, you must interpret your results concisely. Were these results what you expected? If not, explain them. You also must find a way to link the results you have with your research questions and literature review.

Conclusions

You should end financial management research papers compellingly. The reader needs to understand whether your study was successful. Let them know whether any questions remain unanswered. You can restate the most significant points here, but you must choose your words carefully. Remember: the conclusion is likely what the reader retains. A well-written conclusion makes people feel that reading your work wasn’t a waste of time. Your conclusion can also suggest research others can conduct in the future.

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