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Sample Essay: Early Industrial Revolution

The Significance of the Early Industrial Revolution

Early Industrial Revolution or Pre-Industrial Revolution refers to the period before the advent of the Industrial Revolution. The period between 1500s and 1750s marked a shift in the foregoing level of selling and buying goods. The impetuous existing art forms and production of goods were brought to polarity in this era. The voyages from Western Europe led the way for the Revolution. The chief trade practices included trading in precious metals, handicrafts, cotton, etc. The farmers and merchants wanted to raise money by increasing trade with other nations. This led to the expansion of economy through fostering development in the involved nations. It is crucial to understand the genesis of the Early Industrial Revolution, which emerged through several centuries stimulating growth in the West and the rest of the world (Persson, p. 3, par. 2).

During the period of Early Industrial Revolution, there were no machines for equipping the making of goods. The manual labor was used for performing tasks and assembling units for the finished goods. During this era, textiles and other products were made at home, and people would trade their goods. Due to inadequate transportation and communication systems, the trading of goods was not possible on a large scale. Then the Europeans sought their way toward innovation and technology, which made their demands and market clearly available to the mass population. This paper discusses the significance of the Early Industrial Revolution, and the developments and innovations, such as Renaissance warfare, boatswain’s pipe, astrolabe, quadrant, and spinning wheel in addition to the roots of Industrial Revolution, the expansion of markets in the Pre-Industrial era, the European Cities, the cottage industry, the upswing trend in agricultural practices, and the innovation approach paving the way to the Industrial Revolution.

Under this section, the paper discusses the roots of Industrial Revolution in Pre-Industrial society, the expansion of markets in 1550s, the European Cities in the Pre-Industrial Society, the Renaissance warfare and other innovations in navigation and sailing apparatus, the rise in standard of living through urban set ups, the upswing trend in agricultural practices, the role of small scale industries in 1500s, such as cottage industries, and Pre-Industrial financial innovations, which led to a greater Industrial Revolution from 1750 onwards.

The Roots of Industrial Revolution in Pre-Industrial Society

The Early Industrial Revolution connoted a slow lifestyle with limited resources. During the 16^th century, there were no manufactured goods; instead, there were various raw materials available in the rural areas. The wood was used to carry the domestic activities, and wind and water were the determining factors for the source of power. The basic source of income for the people of the Early Industrial Revolution in the 16^th century merely came from farming, cow-raising, selling milk, etc. The Early Industrial Revolution also saw no substantial increase in population for decades (Tucker, par. 2). The common people grew in the fear of epidemics, such as Typhoid, Influenza, Plague, etc. These diseases resulted in mass dying due to insufficient care and medical facilities (“Pre-Industrial Society,” par.3).

Expansion of Markets in 1550s

The Early Industrial Revolution has its significance in promoting and establishing strong foundation for the Industrial Revolution. During the 1550s, there was no existence of commercial industries. The small scale trade practices were emphasized from the households and agricultural lands. The craftsmanship was used to balance the lifestyle, for example, by making furniture, handicrafts, pottery, masonry, etc. (“Pre-Industrial Society,” par.8). The home-based occupations, such as weaving cloth and making dresses out of this cloth material were part of fine craftsmanship in the Early Industrial Revolution. The labor worked hard to complete their day-to-day tasks, but the production was very slow because of few tools and equipments. Some cities became centers for providing basic raw materials and goods. Markets developed for selling agricultural goods, handicrafts, and pottery items. During the Early Industrial Revolution, the elite people owned large areas of land and hired labor for growing agricultural produce, and also assigned work to the servants to help them carry out their daily activities. On the contrary, the poor people made goods from the raw materials and managed their lifestyle with minimal agricultural produce from small lands and cow-raising.

European Cities in the Pre-Industrial Society

Many cities flourished during the Early Industrial Revolution era due to their establishment of markets. The main attraction that accounted for the growth of a town into a city was the spread of its market. Florence, a prominent European city attracted traders, as it proffered handicrafts and several mechanically tinkered clay pots, kettles and pans (“Pre-Industrial Society,” par. 9). The Early Industrial Revolution era witnessed advancement in the European cities that were producing gun-powder and cannons through their basic industries with no thoroughly equipped tools.

Renaissance Warfare and other Innovations in Navigation and Sailing Equipment

In the 16^th century, no democracy existed on the world map. There were rulers, ruling their dynasties and trying to expand their empires in order to gain more and more power. Through army and cavalry, with renaissance warfare, the rulers attacked the other empires. The use of war hammers, swords, clubs and maces, winged spears, lances, pikes, etc. as tools for warfare adds to the innovation list during the Early Industrial Revolution. The use of mechanical clocks and navigation tools, such as boatswain’s pipe, astrolabe, quadrant, and sandglass marked the beginning of 16^th century (“Pre-Industrial Society,” par.9). These major inventions came up in navigation and sailing equipment.

Rise in Standard of Living through Urban Establishments

The increase in agricultural produce helped in feeding the population and to prevent health degradation, which formerly occurred due to shortage of food in the 15^th century (“Pre-Industrial Society,” par.4). A wider view of competition was created among the people. They began working more in order to get more wages and have a better livelihood. They uplifted from the previous concept of living in the rural areas to better townships. They adapted to better living conditions and went to learning centers to get education about basic skills, which would be helpful in their survival to some extent, thus, moving toward urbanization.

An Upswing Trend in Agricultural Practices

One of the few very important reforms was observed during the Early Industrial Revolution, which was about the change in agricultural practices and patterns. The food production in Europe increased to a great extent in the future period as a result of persistent endeavors of the farmers and traders of the Early Industrial Revolution. In the mid 1500s, the demand for most of the products, such as textiles, warfare, cotton, etc. increased (Brock, p. 5, par. 3). Later on, in 1750-1800s, the historians called this reformatory era as the Agricultural Revolution (“Pre-Industrial Society,” par.15).

The Role of Small Scale Industries in 1500s

After 1500, the European markets expanded from Asia to the American continent. Europeans established industries and markets in other nations as well (McDowall, par. 3). The aim of such establishment was the expansion of their markets to extract more revenue out of other nations. The financial industry and cottage industry of Europeans also expanded tremendously. The Dutch East India Company expanded its market in order to derive spices from the South-East Asian countries (“Pre-Industrial Society,” par.11).

Cottage Industry in the Early 16^th Century

Cottage industries were also seen as a peculiarly expanding market. The poor families depended on agricultural land, worked night long by weaving cloth with fusty machines, such as old spinning wheel in their cottages. The merchants who traveled in the countryside, in search of great deals, bought the fancy spun cloth from the small markets of cottage industries. Sometimes these merchants would also provide raw materials, such as cotton or wool, and paid them for the labor, and then took the finished goods to sell them further (“Pre-Industrial Society,” par. 14). This is how the cottage industry allowed the growth of industries in the Early Industrial Revolution era.

Pre-Industrial Innovations of 16^th Century Leading to a Greater Industrial Revolution from 1750 onwards

Several innovations in banking and financial sectors laid the foundation for the following Industrial Revolution. The growth of traders and consumers of the 16^th century, later on, attributed to the Industrial Revolution from 1750 onwards. Beginning from 1500, the trade expanded globally by transportation via boats and ships. The navigation instruments helped to increase the market and to discover nations. By 1600s, the Europeans living in the cities got interested in the markets and global trade opportunities by investing in financial innovations, and became difficult to dissolute the urban culture from them (“Pre-Industrial Society,” par.13). They wanted to expand the production and trade deals through the use of coal and textiles. These two raw materials i.e. coal and textiles gave a kick-start to the Early Industrial Revolution. In the 1700s, coke was widely used in the production of iron; also, several textile centers were established, and the construction of roads and canals was done. This made the country ahead in many inventions, and coal being a pivotal material, for example, it was widely used in operating the steam engine. In order to meet the needs of the families and the society, it motivated the traders and producers of the Early Industrial Revolution to think of strategies to manufacture goods on a large scale. Various reforms in the agricultural field, such as Crop Rotation, was invented by the Dutch (“Pre-Industrial Society,” par.16) Thus, the European markets expanded in numerous countries, and this paved the way for the Industrial Revolution.

Conclusion

Hence, the paper discussed the significance of the Early Industrial Revolution along with developments and innovations, which eventually provided the path to the greater Industrial Revolution. The Early Industrial Revolution emerged before the Industrial Revolution and laid the roots for the latter one. The beginning of the Early Industrial Revolution dates back to 1500s. The Early Industrial Revolution is said to be a domicile of Britain. It started in Britain and then expanded to the faraway lands. The small scale industries transformed into large scale after the developments in the field of technology. The use of wood, as a fuel, in everyday lives was replaced by coal. A few cities, such as Florence emerged as the prime centers of raw materials and goods. All these cities were patronized by the European merchants who traveled the countryside for varying trade purposes. The use of several renaissance warfare and innovations in this field is responsible for early developments in the Western Civilization. The other innovations included the sandglass, quarter, boatswain’s pipe, and astrolabe, which were also important instruments for navigation and sailing. The arrival of new technologies after the Early Industrial Revolution owes its credit to the zeal of the people from the Early Industrial Revolution era who wanted to bring reforms in their lifestyle, farming practices, and production methods to eventually fetch more profit through sale of their merchandise to other nations across the seas.

Works Cited

Brock, F. “How Pre-Industrial Era English and Dutch Trade Influenced Social Change,”

University of Massachusetts, https://www1.umassd.edu/euro/2007papers/brock.pdf. Accessed 17 April 2018.

McDowall, C. “World Textile Trade 1500-1800 – Pre-Industrial Revolution,” The Culture

Concept Circle, 31 January 2014. https://www.thecultureconcept.com/world-textile-trade-1500-1800-pre-industrial-revolution. Accessed 17 April 2018.

Persson, K.G. “A New Economic History of Pre-industrial Europe,” University of Copenhagen,

https://www.econ.ku.dk/kgp/doc/Workfrms/new%20econ%20hist.pdf. Accessed 17 April 2018.

“Pre-Industrial Society.” Bellarmine College Preparatory,

https://webs.bcp.org/sites/vcleary/modernworldhistorytextbook/industrialrevolution/preindus.html. Accessed 17 April 2018.

Tucker, G.S.L. “English Pre-Industrial Population Trends,” The Economic History Review, vol.

16, no. 2, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1468-0289.1963.tb01726.x. Accessed 17 April 2018.

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How To Write APA Literature Review

Are you a student writing your dissertation, thesis or capstone project? then learning how to write APA literature review is a must. APA style of literature is one of the most appreciated and one that has been taken up vastly into the curriculum. Many dissertation papers and other quality writings have taken up this form of writing. It has been found to be quite presentable and comprehensive in that it covers all the details and also that it gives references. I wouldn’t think of a better format of writing that ensures such a good flow of idea and a continuity of thoughts than APA style of writing. This will be one of the most informative articles as it would probably be the reason that you get those extra marks in your dissertation paper. I will be showing you how to get in the flow with APA style in literature.

Guidelines: How To Write APA Literature Review

Writing style

You are to make sure that you familiarize yourself with the basic writing styles there is and given that they actually include tonal variation and approach you should use a formal kind of tone in your piece. This will be able to communicate a level of professionalism and it reassures the reader that you really know what you were into. It also helps in the event that it is to be put up for a presentation; it can never go wrong with any kind of audience. Basically, you need to make sure that you use a formal tone and that you are unbiased.

Formatting

The other thing that can easily pull you down and dismiss your piece from being in an APA style to any other style is the formatting; by formatting, I mean what the outlook is basically made of. You will want to consider factors such as font type, size, spacing, title page, and even the margins. You have to be precise and realize that using a font of 11 is not the same as using a 12 font. You should write your piece in Times New Romans and make sure that the font size is up to 12, not higher, not less. Having a comprehensive understanding of the APA formatting style could easily take your piece from being a 7 to a 9. You will realize that when you combine ideas and a good format, you get a complete piece. But when you just have the ideas you will be missing something.

In-text citation

This covers all things content and what is engulfed in your piece. Hear me out on this, I don’t really mean that you reinvent the wheel but you need to bring some originality in your work. You have to make sure that your work is plagiarism free and it is fresh. That can only be as a result of vast research and getting content that is quite reliable. You might need to get a couple of sources to match and after you get a trend you can now fixate on one piece that seems to be quite comprehensive. However, have in mind that if you decide to pick something from a piece that you show that by bringing in the opening and closing inverted commas and stating out from where it came from. However, this too has to be done professionally. You have to state the date, month then the year or vice-versa and give credit where it is due by giving a name.

Reference

This will normally come at the end of your article where you will give credit where it is due by citing out the sources of your research and how much it impacted your writing. It is usually not a random way of doing it as it also has a legal kind of aspect to it where it protects content researched and produced by others. Take for instance, what would you do if you found someone else out there using your work and getting a credit on it without even acknowledging you? It would be very hurtful and you may decide to take legal action. However, it is also for credibility purposes. This is because, some of the material that people use, are well-known pieces from people such as Sir Newton, Shakespeare, and the other legends that when you try using as your work will question your credibility. After all, you don’t want to be a copycat and a quack.

In the event of a literature review, you will need to fixate on a certain piece of work that you will be working on. In your article, you will have to have a thesis that you will stand behind all the way to the end. You will also find it quite useful if in some fields if you take an approach of using a hypothesis. In this way, you can take a swaying vote to either bring on some more exciting facts that might have been omitted or you can raise an argument against that. This will also mean that while giving your reference you will have to state what you are backing up or going against. This is quite an open field and according to your research or opinion, you can take a side.

Unlike other forms of writing, the APA style of writing seems to be the most appreciated especially by the department of sciences and also the literature department. As a student of sciences and literature you will need to learn how to write APA literature review to get maximum point. The similarity between these two fields being that they are both technical and that they need a high level of professionalism to pass on their ideas without breaking the thought and maintaining the flow. I am by now convinced that the best article means the article with good flow and a comprehensive pack of ideas.

To get a good grasp on this you will need to take your time and study other pieces that have adopted that kind of writing. You should also try converting some of your pieces into this format and practice more and more on this. You will be a pro in this within no time. As a matter of fact, a study from one of the world’s leading universities has shown that in the next couple of years this style will have been integrated into every other field.

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How to Write Nursing Care Plans

Nursing care plans are unavoidable in nursing school and nursing workplaces. That’s why you must learn how to write nursing care plans. Your professor needs detailed nursing care plans. They want you to learn how to process information and think like a professional nurse. That explains why your teacher wants you to write nursing assignments all of the time. You’ll write nursing care plans, whether the class is community care or mental health. Learning how to write nursing care plans is critically important for anyone who wants to become a nurse.

What are Nursing Care Plans and Why Do They Matter?

Why learn how to write nursing care plans, evidence based practice papers among other health care paper plans? Nursing care plans are written documents or medical records that form an integral part of the nursing process. Different places may use slightly different formats, but the final document achieves the same aims in every place. Nursing care plans guide how nurses provide nursing care to patients. The documents help nurses working different shifts know the exact actions other nurses have taken for each patient. These records are a consistently reliable way of organizing and communicating the actions of everyone involved in patient care. Specifically, nursing care plans document assessment, diagnoses, planned interventions, and evaluation. Each aspect is a precise process that nurses handle with ease. Once you learn how to write nursing care plans, your confidence will increase. And you’ll likely see better grades.

The 5 Steps That Lead to Well-developed Nursing Care Plans

Nursing care plans do not follow the exact same format in every place. That said, the following five steps should give you a document that satisfies your professor. Here are the steps on how to write nursing care plans: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation/Nursing Orders, and Evaluation. Let’s consider each step and see how each contributes to the final document.

Step 1: Write the Assessment Section of Your Care Plan

While preparing a care plan, assessment is the first step of the process. As you fill out this part of the template, there are a few critical questions you need to answer. Why is the patient here? Why are they seeking care? What’s the patient’s general appearance? You need to be able to do an accurate and comprehensive assessment. Assessment is about collecting and recording different kinds of data.

According to the American Nurses Association, you should gather physiological, economic, sociocultural, and spiritual data. You should also capture lifestyle information. Assessment seeks to understand the physical causes of pain, how the pain manifests itself, and how the patient responds. Your assessment may look like this: Anger directed at family and hospital staff, refusal to eat, request for pain mediation. Maybe your patient’s skin is cold and clammy. The assessment section should be brief, just like every other section included in a well-written nursing care plan.

Step 2: Fill Out the Diagnoses Part of the Care Plan Template

The diagnoses part focuses on the “What” of the patient’s condition. Here, you’re trying to answer this question: “What’s the patient’s problem?” The information recorded in this section helps nurses determine the care the patient will receive. The diagnoses part of a nursing care plan lists the conditions and health problems a patient is facing.It aims to develop a nursing diagnosis statement.

4 Types of Nursing Diagnosis

North American Nursing Diagnosis Organization-International classifies nursing diagnoses into four categories. Here they are: Actual diagnosis, Risk diagnosis, Health Promotion diagnosis, and Syndrome diagnosis. Each type of diagnosis can lead to an effective diagnosis statement, which is the main aim of the diagnosis section. Each diagnosis statement has three parts. The first part is the problem statement or diagnostic label. For example, the problem may be nausea or anxiety. The second part is the “related to” or RT part. This part focuses on the cause of the problem. The third part presents the defining characteristics. Defining characteristics, usually expressed as “…as evidenced by…” means the signs or symptoms that support your diagnosis.

Actual Diagnosis

According to NANDA-I, an actual diagnosis makes a clinical judgment about how a patient experiences or responds to health conditions or life processes. Actual diagnoses are existing problems that a nurse can identify. These conditions and life processes may exist in the patient, their family, or community. Here’s an example of an actual nursing diagnosis: Ineffective airway clearance. Or, spiritual distress. Another example: Sleep Deprivation.

Risk Diagnosis

A risk diagnosis describes human responses to life processes or health problems that may develop in an individual, family, or community. Here, the family, individual, or community isn’t facing any condition, but they remain vulnerable. Certain risk factors may increase vulnerability for different conditions. Risk diagnoses are health problems, conditions or situations that do not currently exist but which may occur. For example: Risk for shock.

Health Promotion Diagnosis

This diagnosis refers to a clinical judgment regarding the motivation or desire of an individual, family, or community to increase wellbeing. It’s also about the desire or motivation to “actualize human health potential,” according to NANDA-I. That desire or motivation gets expressed as a readiness for specific health behavior(s).NANDA-I further states that a health promotion diagnosis statement normally starts with the phrase “Expresses desire to enhance….” For example: Expresses desire to enhance nutrition.

Syndrome Diagnosis

A syndrome diagnosis is a clinical judgment that describes a particular cluster of nursing diagnoses that normally occur together. Such diagnoses typically get addressed together and require similar interventions. While writing this diagnosis, you must use at least two diagnoses as defining characteristics. For example: relocation stress syndrome.

Here’s how you would write a complete nursing diagnosis statement for your assignment:

Ineffective Airway Clearance: Diagnostic label

Ineffective Airway Clearance RT fatigue: “related to”

Complete statement: Ineffective Airway Clearance RT fatigue as evidenced by dyspnea at rest.

Note: The “related to” and “as evidenced by..” parts are important when you’re writing nursing school assignments. However, they are not always necessary in nursing workplaces where nurses use computers to prepare care plans. One more thing: keep the nursing diagnosis book recommended by your school handy. It promotes accuracy and makes writing diagnoses somewhat easier.

A Nursing Diagnosis is Different than a Medical Diagnosis: Write the Right Diagnosis

Don’t confuse a nursing diagnosis with a medical diagnosis. North American Nursing Diagnosis Organization-International (NANDA-I) clarifies the difference between a nursing diagnosis and a medical diagnosis. According to NANDA-I, a nursing diagnosis describes a patient’s responses to actual health problems or potential health problems. In contrast, a medical diagnosis defines an injury or disease process. Only a doctor can write a medical diagnosis. So, avoid listing down diagnoses such as “Diabetes,” or “Heart disease,” or Cancer.” Based on a nursing diagnosis, a nurse can easily select an effective intervention method.

Step 3: Write the Planning Part of Your Nursing Care Plan

At this point, you need to set specific, measurable, and achievable goals that guide care for the patient. You need to decide what short-range goals and long-range goals the patient’s care will pursue. So, what goals do you want to set for the patient? Suppose you have an immobilized patient. You may set a goal suchasPatient will move from bed to chair 3 times per day. Another goal might be: Patient will tolerate clear liquids within 18 hours without vomiting and nausea. Or, Patient will be pain-free within 3 hours. Let’s write down one more goal: Patient will report decreased nausea within 12 hours. The goals are clear and measurable, and everyone involved knows what each goal means.

Step 4: Complete the Implementation/Interventions Part

The Interventions part focuses on helping the patient and care providers achieve expected outcomes. Each patient’s record reveals the specific actions nurses need to take. So, write down the actual actions that require attention, including how often and how long. For example: Nurse to assess patient’s nausea every 6 hours. Example 2: Nurse will administer pain medication as ordered or needed.

Step 5: Finally, Evaluate the Nursing Care Plan; Decide if the Plan Needs Modification

Nurses must keep evaluating their patients’ wellness or health status. They also need to keep evaluating the effectiveness of the nursing care provided. The evaluation section carefully considers each goal set for the patient. For this section, a goal was either “Met” or “Unmet.” What if a goal gets “unmet?” You may need to revisit the diagnosis step. You may also modify the goals or add interventions.

Nursing Rationales: Not Always Included but Your Professor May Ask You to Include it

Your professor may ask you to include a nursing rationale in your nursing care plan. Nursing rationales can be confusing, and writing them may give you problems. You’ll understand rationales best if you can see how they interact with nursing diagnoses, care goals, and interventions. Basically, a rationale explains why a nurse set a particular goal or chose a specific intervention. Every nursing intervention needs a nursing rationale. Here’s an example of how you might write a nursing rationale:

Pain control will help the patient improve their life by enabling them participate in physical therapy exercises.

Final Remarks on How to Write Nursing Care Plans

Writing nursing care plans can be quite confusing. Nursing students may not always clearly understand the differences between the various elements of a care plan. It’s easy to confuse “Planning” and “interventions,” for example. Also, some students may not know how nursing diagnoses differ from medical diagnoses. One more thing: your instructor decides the specific format you should follow for your nursing assignment. Hopefully, this post has described each part of a nursing care plan clearly and helpfully.

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Writing Evidence Based Practice Papers in Nursing

How To Write Evidence Based Practice Papers in Nursing

Are you a nursing student looking for information on how to write evidence based practice papers? the reason why it is important to base our nursing care on evidence based research is to enhance nursing care delivery services, improve patient outcome and also assist other agencies enhance health care delivery through published interventions.

Since back in the day, the medical field has been one of the most crucial fields in the society. Quality assurance is of very high value as this can draw the thin line between life and death. However this does not all start in the hospital as a head nurse or doctor but rather it starts right from nursing school. Evidence based practice papers are simply written to prove a certain hypothesis that is at hand. Are you trying to reinvent the wheel? No! But rather just trying to modify it.

These papers are important as they help keep up with trends, save cost, evaluate projected outcome and to do away with methods that are quite outdated. An evidence based practice contains a couple of sections and are basically written with the same formatting as essays, but with a bit of a twist that I will take you through. At the end of this trust me you’ll be a pro at it.

Guidelines of Writing Evidence Based Practice Paper

Title

Right down from the basics you will need a title for your evidence based practice. This is majorly to guide you on what you are to write and it creates the basis for your hypothesis. Your title should be quite brief and pinpoint clearly what your evaluation will be on. Your tile can take a couple of forms as well. It can take the form of a question, a simple statement or an opposing fact. This way you will have set the direction right from the start and you will give the reader something to anticipate at the end of it. Simply think of it as a pacesetter.

Establish your thesis

A thesis is basically the controlling statement that you are standing with. Have in mind that a thesis is different from a hypothesis in that: a hypothesis is an idea that you can either prove or put claims against it. However a thesis is basically what you stand for and it gives the agenda that you will be pushing all through. Any evidence based practice without a thesis is a considered an incomplete paper as it leaves a lot to guesswork and imagination.

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Good formatting

The format of your nursing essay paper is basically the eye catcher and it snatches the attention of your reader. It is always good to maintain a certain level of professionalism even as you write your paper. The best formatting to go for at this juncture is the APA formatting. You will find out that when you have mastered this formatting then all you need to take care of is the content and the rest will flow. Basically, the APA formatting is the kind of formatting used in social sciences and it gives a continuous flow of ideas which explains its dominance. It is divided into four main sections that are;

Title- This hints what they appear is all about and gives the reader the direction to take and what facts to use during their evaluation.
Abstract- This is the basis of your thesis and your try explaining it in not more than 250 words and not less than 150 words. Let your reader know that you really know what you are talking about
Main body- This is the ‘flesh’ of your paper as it contains all the facts, figures and arguments placed. This is the platform that you have to put all your ideas and arguments all together to boost your thesis.
References- Many who have had their papers rejected will tell you that they lacked this part of the paper. This is where you let your reader know from where you sourced this information. But first hold that thought, I will be expounding it in a few.

Research

The quality of your work will be determined by the amount of research you carry out. In this field, as you might well know half a dosage is not the same as a full dose. A 1*2 prescription is not similar to 2*1. Despite the fact that they add up mathematically they don’t add up medically. You have to get current references and make sure that in the event that you decide to quote something that you indicate from where it is lifted from.

After all, you do want to produce fresh content. This is simply a process that you will follow; the title gives birth to your thesis, your thesis brings about research, research produces evidence and evidence will ultimately give the evidence based paper you are looking for. The one thing that you need to realize is that you are not limited to the number of contexts that you can research from. You can simply cover a wide scope for more credibility. Also, make sure that you get your facts right. As you write your evidence based practice paper in nursing, have in mind that the quality of your work is directly proportional to the quantity of your research.

References

Getting back to this as earlier promised; references take the guesswork out of your paper. They are the surest indication of research and they get even better when you can link them up together. You can get an inter-relation between your references and this strengthens your paper even the more. Despite the fact that you are just proving your hypothesis, you can make an original piece from other peoples work. The way to do this is getting creative and where you borrow their ideas make sure that you give them the credit they deserve. That way you will have put your best foot forward as far as evidence based practice papers are concerned.

Another very important thing to put in mind is that you should always describe your methods. On this, you should be very keen as your credibility is at stake here. You should ascertain that all measurements, figures, interviews, observations, and surveys are taken with precision and are transferred correctly. Do this and trust me you will have anchored yourself properly as far as your paper is concerned. Get the right material, formatting and ensure precision in everything and you’ll be good to go.

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Better Schooling: Australian and British Education Systems?

Comparison between Australian and British Education Systems

Australia and the United Kingdom are both English-speaking countries. Are you a teacher or student looking to join the education systems in either country? Understanding how each education systems works would help you settle quickly and start working toward your goals. The two systems differ in certain aspects, and it is in your interest to know what those differences are. This comparison between Australian and British education systems hopefully provides information you would find helpful.The comparison touches on areas such as costs, examinations, regulation, funding as well as higher education.

Australia Boasts Eight Different Systems of Education

The Australian government, a federal system, has the primary responsibility for education. The country’s population is smaller than that of the U.K. Can you believe Australia boasts of eight different education systems? What’s more, each system sets its own high school leaving exams. Being a registered teacher in one state does not automatically qualify you to teach in a different one. If you wish to move to another state, you will need to register with them.

Increasingly GCSE-focused U.K. Education

The U.K. has made significant changes to the GCSE examinations.These changes started with Michael Gove, a former education secretary in England. The new GCSE is similar to the O-levels of pre-1988 U.K. The new move hopes to address what Gove called the “dumbing down” of the curriculum and grade inflation. The new exams are supposed to be more challenging than GCSE has ever been.

Australia does not have a GCSE equivalent, and no one body sets the country’s education agenda. However, the U.K. seems to be gravitating — albeit unconsciously — toward a federal style system similar to that in Australia. That said, there will always be country-specific differences that set each country’s system apart from those in other jurisdictions.

Types of Schools in Australia

Australian schools aim to provide a well-rounded education that prepares students for life after school. Their education systems covers key learning areas including math, English, arts and science, languages, society and environmental studies, and physical education. They also study technology and health education.

The types of schools found Down Under include government schools, non-government schools, and those based on educational philosophies. Non-government schools include faith-based schools such as Islamic or Catholic schools. Some of the educational philosophies guiding the establishment of schools are the well-known Montessori and Steiner. Every school in Australia needs to ensure registration with specific state’s education department.

Types of Schools in the U.K.

The four main types of school found in the U.K. are academies, maintained Schools, independent schools, and free schools.

Maintained Schools

Local authorities own and maintain these schools. Maintained schools have to adhere to all the requirements of the national curriculum. There are four types of maintained schools. These are foundation, trust, voluntary controlled, and voluntary aided schools.

Academies

Academies are state-funded. That said, they exercise more independence than most other schools when it comes to directing their curriculum. They have the power to introduce faith-based topics or even change school hours. Sponsors from the business world, faith or voluntary groups work with the Department of Education to establish academies.

Free Schools

Funded by the government but not controlled by the local authority, free schools are like the academies. They can exercise some flexibility regarding term dates and the curriculum. Universities, community groups, parents, charities, or teachers usually establish these schools.

Independent schools

They are public or private schools run using fees paid by parents. They may also get support from various organizations.They can set their curriculum. To ensure independent schools maintain the required standards, the independent schools Inspectorate regularly inspects them.

Compulsory Education both Countries Proceeds Until the Age of 16

Just like in Australia, compulsory schooling in the U.K. starts at the age of five and continues until learners attain the age of 16. Except in one state, Tasmania, compulsory education in all states in Australia proceeds until children hit the age of 16. Compulsory education ends a year earlier in Tasmania, when learners are, often, 15.

Qualifications In Australia

Australian students strive to improve their Tertiary Admission rank — aka ATAR. The ATAR replaces by the year 2018 the Overall Position ranking currently applicable in Queensland. Queensland uses a system based on teachers’ assessments of students’ abilities. The ATAR is the main method that guides the selection of students for university programs.

Most of the programs offered at the universities usually set a minimum ATAR. Naturally, all year 12 students stress over their ATARs after they have sat the exams. Some experts have criticized the ATAR system arguing it forces learners to avoid or choose certain subjects to improve their score. However, universities are increasingly adopting selection methods that do not consider a student’s ATAR only. Many expect the reliance on ATAR for selection of students for tertiary education to continue declining.

Qualifications In the U.K.

U.K. secondary school students focus on GCSE exams. They sit for these exams at the end of year 11. Traditionally, they have studied math, English, and science. Learners can also study the arts, humanities, technology, vocational studies or languages. Some may leave school at this point, but it certainly is not a good idea. The majority of students in the U.K. are preparing for the A-levels during years 12 and 13. Year 12 is also referred to as “lower sixth” while year 13 is commonly called “upper sixth.”

Diploma or Degree After GCSE exams

Also, a learner in either year 12 and 13 can be said to be a “sixth form” or “upper secondary” student. Successful upper secondary students can choose to join university or get a diploma. The diploma is a relatively new development in the U.K. The traditional path has always been proceeding to the university after the A-levels. In England and Wales, the law requires all kids aged 5 –16 to acquire at least primary and secondary school education.

School Terms

The academic year in the U.K. typically starts in September and ends in June or July of the following year. Each academic year has four school terms. Local education authorities in the U.K. are responsible for setting their holiday and term dates. The longest holiday break runs for five to six weeks. It is the summer school holiday when most people plan their travel.

In comparison, the Australian school year starts in early February and ends in November or early December. The term commencing date varies with states as well as whether the school is a government one or not. Earning an undergraduate degree Down Under takes 3–4 years. In comparison, it would take you 6 – 12 months less time to obtain the same degree in the United Kingdom. That means studying in the U.K. can allow you to enter the labor market a bit earlier.

Australian and U.K. Class Sizes

As a prospective student or teacher, you want to know how big classes are in Australia and U.K. Classes in the U.K. have a maximum of 30 students while 25 is the highest number of learners sitting in Australian classrooms. You may think being a teacher in the U.K. is a lot tougher than it would be Down Under. Class assistants working to support teachers in the U.K. make the slightly bigger classes there more manageable.

Tuition Costs

As a potential student, you would want to know how much it would cost to earn your degree in either country. In both countries, domestic students pay less than international or other students. And governments in both regions set a fees limit beyond which institutions cannot charge. Additionally, both countries provide subsidies and loans that make education more accessible than in most other places.

Tuition Costs In the UK.

How much you pay depends on the particular country. For instance, costs in the United Kingdom for Home students studying typical undergraduate degrees in English universities in the U.K. pay up to 9,250 pounds per year. Welsh institutions charge up to 9,000 pounds for home students. North Irish universities charge home students up to 5,220 pounds less than what England charges its home learners. It gets more interesting. Can you believe that home and European Union students pay ZERO for their undergraduate degrees in Scotland? However, learners from Wales, Northern Ireland, and England end up paying 9,250. International students spend even more.

A typical degree would, therefore, cost you between 0 – 27,750 pounds in the U.K. It would all depend on which country you chose and whether you are a local, EU, or international student.

Tuition Costs In Australia

In Australia, the costs can differ significantly across states. Institutions charge fees per unit rather than per year. A student can expect to study a cluster of courses, and each class belongs to a specific “band.” Australian universities offer subjects from different bands at different costs. That means students pay different amounts every year depending on what they are studying.

There are various similarities and differences between Australian and UK education systems. Developing a clear understanding of these differences and similarities can help you make informed decisions regarding preparation. Hopefully, you can now move forward with confidence.

However with the looming Brexit, we tuition costs in the United Kingdom to significantly change.

This post was researched, compiled and written by our MBA project writer in UK who has vast interests in educational maters. visit us at https://www.expertwritinghelp.com for dissertation and academic coaching services at affordable rates.

How To Write Economics Research Paper

How to Write Economics Research Paper

Are you a student undertaking economics either in university or college? Then you know that economics is the study of efficient allocation of limited resources to optimally produce goods and services. Economics has two broad branches that include microeconomics and macroeconomics. Economics students study the two branches at different levels as their concepts are interrelated. During your Economics class you will be required to write microeconomics essays, research papers and case studies. Similarly you will be required to write macroeconomic essays, research papers and case studies. Our expert macroeconomics assignment help experts will give you invaluable tips on how to write effective economics papers to garner maximum points.

In writing an economics research paper, you’re expected to demonstrate your academic knowledge on your subject. Your readers (professor or research committee) will be evaluating your ability to craft questions based on economic logic. Also in scrutiny will be your ability to critically analyze literature, and your ability to sort out empirical issues when they arise.

Your paper should demonstrate that you’re more analytical, sophisticated and knowledgeable about economics than, for instance, a New York Times editorial writer.

To write an effective economics research paper, you should provide evidence, cite sources, and clarify economic trade-offs. Your paper should also include methods of constrained optimizations and statistical analysis which is a core part of economics as a science.

Where do I start when writing an economics research paper?

Start with research

The research process is a critical first step. Research will help you:

Developing a deeper and wider understanding of your subject
Generating ideas for your paper
Developing your thesis statement
Articulating your ideas with authority

Gather relevant materials and start reviewing them. Here is a list of information sources:

Books and periodicals
Google scholar
Online almanacs, databases, and encyclopedias
Newspapers
Government reports, guides, and publications

As you sift through information, take notes and keep track of the reference materials so that you can cite them later in your paper.

Organize before writing: Now that your research has yielded tons of idea, you should start to logically organize your presentation. Without this important process, your research paper will lack focus and your thoughts will be jumbled.

Types of Economics Research Papers

Theoretical

Theoretical papers are a great option when you can’t find reliable data or when data is unreliable. This type of papers make practical assumptions about the actors involved, the environment and then make a prediction of what will ‘theoretically’ happen in case the factors described by the research question came true.

Empirical

Empirical papers are an excellent choice when relevant data is available. Empirical papers use collected data to make conclusion.

Empirical + Theoretical

Empirical + theoretical papers make assumptions and then use data to approve or disprove those assumptions.

Thesis Statement

A thesis statement is a brief summarization of the key point of your essay and a preview of the supporting points. The thesis statement is a critical feature of your paper as it guides readers on the direction your paper will take – from the main idea to supporting points.

Outline

An outline will help you articulate your thoughts in a coherent and logical manner. Once you’ve come up with a thesis statement, the next step is crafting an outline of the main points that support your thesis. Have the main points as your subheadings. You should then organize all your information under subheadings.

Information that doesn’t fit into your outline, however interesting you find it, won’t add value to your paper. Keep your focus on your thesis and leave out anything that’s irrelevant.

Writing an effective research paper

Once you’ve developed a thesis statement and organized an outline, you’ll now have a clear direction on how to write your paper.

Elements of a Good Economics Research Paper:

Introduction

An introduction presents the background and the context of your paper. Engage your reader by starting with a strong opening sentence. Writing academic papers doesn’t mean writing in dry and boring prose.

Your introduction should answer the following questions:

What is the paper about?
Why should I read it?
What steps do you want me to take?

Here is how to answer the questions:

Set context – Provide information about your main idea. Help the reader make sense of your topic and your claims.
State your main idea and why you think it’s important – Explain to your readers why they should read and care about your paper. Create a clear and compelling essay that gets people to read and act on its findings.
State you claim – compose a brief statement that states your position.

Body

Your outlines will come in handy at this stage. However, your writing should not be limited to the outline – an outline is a guideline to keep you focused. Be open-minded but remain focused on your thesis statement and in articulating supporting points.

Apply the rule of three. Craft supporting arguments for your points, start with a strong point, followed by an even stronger point, and then close with the strongest point.

Here are more tips on how to write your body:

Data overview: Outline the data you’ve used, point out its source, denote its strengths and weaknesses and the time frame under which it was collected.

Literature Review: Chances are, the questions you’re exploring are not new. Give a brief summary and analysis of other works in your area of focus and how they relate to your work.

Conclusion

It’s at this point that you wrap up your presentation. Most research papers end with a restatement of the thesis statement. Present a reword of your thesis statement. Briefly explain how your points support your argument. If there are gaps in your research, point out what needs to be researched further.

Revise your research essay paper draft.

Revising your paper takes more than just fixing typos. Here is a checklist of what you need to do:

Developmental Editing

What’s your thesis statement? Is clear? Is it concise?
Does the paper flow logically from beginning to end?
Do the paragraphs follow a logical sequence?
Are your ideas detailed and concrete?
Is your thesis statement fully supported by your arguments?
Have you cited all your sources?
Are any of your ideas repeated?

Line edit

How is your language? Is it clear? Is it specific?
Does your narrative flow smoothly and clearly from sentence to sentence?
Are their filler phrases and words that need to be cleared?
Is your grammar, spelling, and punctuation on point?

Writing a research paper is a lot of work, but it if you follow the suggestions above, it can be can enjoyable and rewarding process.

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Statistics Major Job Opportunities

Why Study A Major In Statistics?

Hot Careers and Future Job Outlook for Statisticians

If you’re a data geek, you’re assured of job security, at least for the next one decade. For the last 15 years, there has been an increasing demand for statisticians. According to BLS (The Bureau of Labor Statistics), this growth is not about to relent.

BLS projects that from 2016 to 2026, employment for statisticians will grow by 34%. This is huge compared to the 28% growth in mathematical science occupations and 7% in all occupations. Statistician’s rank 9Th on the list prepared by Labor department of 20 fastest growing occupations.

Out of the 10 jobs BLS forecasts to grow fastest in the next decade, it’s only app developer and statistician that are not in the healthcare field.

What is fueling the growth?

There is a growing appreciation of statistics – The science of gleaning insights from data, and measuring, understanding, and controlling uncertainty – by governments, nonprofit organizations and businesses.

With the web and the ever-growing computing power, the world is producing more and more data that can be used to generate scientific and business insights. This increased availability of data is fueling the need for more data geeks – numbers won’t crunch themselves.

By 2025, IDC, a research firm, expects the amount of data created yearly to be 10 times more than the data created in 2016. That makes ‘statistical analysis and data analysis’ one of the hottest skills to have. And according to Linkedin, it’s the second most important skill that employers are looking for in 2018.

Increasing wages

The huge demand for data experts has led to a surge in wages for statisticians. Based on BLS data, between 2000 and 2014, statisticians’ mean wage grew by 12%. For most workers, wages in this period either dropped or stagnated.

By 2016, the median annual income for statisticians was $80,000, and it’s growing. Students are noticing. Between 2015 and 2016, the number of undergraduates in the US majoring in statistics rose by 19%. But according to American Statistical Association, the rise is hardly enough to meet employer’s demand.

Expanding university statistics programs

Universities are also responding to the increasing demand for data experts by expanding their statistics programs. Between 2003 and 2014, the number of universities offering degrees in statistics went up by 50% for undergraduate programs, and 20% percent for masters programs. There was an even bigger growth in master’s and doctorate programs, between 2000 and 2014, the number of programs increased by 160% and 130% respectively.

Also, several universities, for instance, the University of Washington, Kennesaw State University, the University of Michigan, the University of California, and the University of Washington, have now established Data Science programs.

Hot Career Opportunities For Statisticians

The job growth for statisticians is impressive, but still, it under reports the number of opportunities available to data experts. Jobs such as market research analyst, data scientist, and actuary, demand proficiency in statistics. Hundreds of thousands of statisticians work in this jobs.

Here is a list of career opportunities in statistics

Market Research Analyst

Market research analysts use specialized software to analyze ‘market data’. They gather and break down complex data on consumers, competitors, and market conditions. Their role is to take difficult data sets and translate them into easily understandable graphs, tables, and reports that can be used by people with little expertise in statistics.

Data comes from a myriad of areas, including interviews, web analytics, surveys, and literature reviews. To become an analyst, you need a bachelor’s degree, but some positions require a master degree.

Statisticians

A statistician’s job is to prevent inaccuracy in the interpretation of data. Statisticians design surveys, experiments, and questions. They then gather data through various methods for analysis and observation. After careful analysis, they present findings in an easily understandable form. Statisticians also explore new ways of collecting data.

Thanks to the massive amount of data that’s now available to organizations, there is an ever-growing need for statisticians.

Brand Optimization Analysts

Like all statistics-driven careers, brand optimization analysts study data and examine trends. Once they’ve noted trends, analysts suggest changes to business goals and develop strategies to maximize the reach of their brands.

To get into this career, you need a bachelor’s in finance, mathematics, marketing, economics, statistics or computer science.

Operations research analyst

Operation research analysis taps into information from every aspect a business: sales data, customer feedback, web analytics, and computer databases. The analysts then use statistical tools to analyze this information and craft solutions for key decision makers.

A collaboration between the management team and operation research analysts is key to keeping a business profitable and functional. At the entry level, you can get in with a bachelor’s, but senior positions require a master’s degree.

Data Scientist

Data scientists dig through data looking for trends that point to the ‘next big thing.’ To become a data scientist, you need data gathering and analysis skills. Businesses use data science to develop and launch new offerings.

To get into this career, you need a bachelor’s degree, in math, statistics, physics, engineering, or computer science.

Financial analyst

Financial analysts focus on evaluating of past and present financial data. They look into business and economic trends and work with company officials to project the company’s financial future. Analysts typically specialize in industries, types of products or world regions.

To get into an advanced position, you need a master’s degree, but there are opportunities even you have a bachelor’s degree.

Biometrician

A biometrician’s job is to study trends that point to the probability of phenomena or specific conditions occurring. Their findings bolster quality control in field projects as they allow colleagues to anticipate and plan for various scenarios.

To become a biometrician, you need a master’s degree in zoology, wildlife biology, ecology or statistics.

Data scientist or statisticians combine math skills and excellent computer skills to gather and analyze data, with which they craft accurate and insightful reports that businesses use to develop plans and achieve goals. Employment opportunities are plentiful in multiple industries, providing data experts with lucrative, challenging and rewarding careers.

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How to Write Financial Management Research Papers

Research paper writing is undoubtedly a daunting task for many college students. And finance is not the “softest” area when it comes to writing research papers. Developing a research paper in literature or anthropology can be challenging in certain ways. But when it comes to areas such as financial management, things can get quite complicated. Financial management covers various topics that are very hard to understand. That’s the reason most students might feel intimidated by the prospect of writing a research paper in this area of study. Hopefully, the following guide on how to write financial management research papers helps.

Financial Management Research Writing is Technical Writing: Before you read further, understand that writing a research paper in financial management is like writing any other type of research paper. While the degree of complexity of the content involved may vary with disciplines, the basic structure remains the same. However, the subject uses technical terminology and jargon that make researching it difficult. You must first understand the “language of finance” to write successfully.

Where Do I Begin?Start Reading: Starting is most often the hardest part. Whatever happens, do not allow yourself to get stuck. Use online resources such as websites, books, databases, and peer-reviewed journals to analyze relevant literature. Avoid sites whose authenticity you are not confident about. Keep an eye on extensions to domain names. You are all right using .gov, .edu, .org(for non-profits), and a few select .com sites. To be successful at this stage, you need to have excellent comprehension skills. You should be able to sift through the massive content in front of you and get a sense of what matters most. Take notes. Start collecting sources.

How to Write Financial Management Research Papers: Choose Your Topic

The reading you did should provide you with a topic you can manage. So, decide the specific topic your financial management research paper will focus on. Go for an issue that challenges and interests you. Also, it needs to be an area your faculty members would find valuable. Always have your teacher approve your topic before you start working on it. In most cases, you may have to prepare a research proposal. Doing that saves you time and helps you avoid unnecessary stress down the road.

The Narrower the Topic, the More Focused Your Research: Studying a broad topic comes with various challenges. If your area of interest is too broad, you cannot thoroughly examine the topic. It is best to select an aspect of a financial management area and focus all your mental energy on it.

For example: Assume your broader research paper topic is “Risk Management: Goldman Sachs.” In this case, you can consider handling a narrower aspect like operational risk. Your new topic would now be “Operational Risk Management at Goldman Sachs.” Your study gets super focused with a narrower topic area. Generally, the narrower the topic, the easier developing it becomes.

Topic ideas and the topic types to avoid: Unless you are super confident about every possible financial management topic, avoid:

Topics that appear to be too technical
Topics that seem too specialized
Topics about which you can’t seem to find enough source materials and data

A few Suggested Research Areas

Here are some financial management topic areas you can consider:

Risk management: This is concerned with how organizations manage unforeseen events and how to minimize their impact on organizational performance. Types of risks include financial risk, economic risk, regulatory risks, human risks etc
Corporate governance: Under this topic a student can choose an organization and study the system of rules and processes that govern an organization. A hot topic in this area today is the composition of women in the board and their impact on sustainable business practices.
Investment management: This topic is concerned with how a financial institution manages its financial resources such as equity, fixed income instruments, commodities and alternative investments.
Performance management:
Criminal money management

Develop Your Thesis Statement

You have reviewed enough material and collected relevant information regarding your sources. It is time to write down your thesis statement. Writing a thesis statement might not be as straightforward as you probably think. A good thesis statement does not simply state a fact. Nor does it attempt to advance an opinion. Also,it is not supposed to be a topic. Carefully reviewing relevant material provides you with one “strong” idea. Your thesis statement represents the “belief” you form after analyzing all your sources.

People Should Support or Oppose Your Thesis Statement

If you write a thesis statement no one wants to dispute, you most likely have stated a mere general fact or opinion. A well-written thesis statement causes others to say things like “ I do not agree with the author, but let me read on. “ Or, “ If I were the one writing this financial management research paper, this would be my position.” That is the reason you must avoid writing generic statements that do not stand out.

For Example: “Operational risk management at Goldman Sachs is effective.” Look at that statement. That statement may stir interest in people who agree the bank is doing a perfect job in operational risk management. Suppose we amended it a little and wrote, “Operational risk management in Goldman Sachs is effective, but the bank should do more to strengthen its systems.” What do you think about that statement? It makes people say “What more does this person know about Goldman Sachs?” They might also say “Goldman Sachs’ operational risk management is among the soundest known, but let’s hear what this author attempts to say.”

Make your statement inspire controversy, and you are on your way. Generally, there needs to be a bit of tension in your statement if it is to attract attention. So, pay attention while crafting the thesis statement.

How to Write Financial Management Research Papers: Structure

Having a clear idea regarding the specific format you will follow makes writing financial management research papers much easier. Here is an easy-to-follow structure you can adopt:

Title Page
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Introduction
Body
References

Title Page

It is what your professor or any other person sees first. Typically, the way you write and format this page depends upon the conventions and rules associated with your editorial style. How you handle a cover page in MLA slightly differs from how you write it using APA. Consider reviewing the specific manual again to ensure you are fully conversant with it. Usually, there are marks for writing the page correctly. These are like “free” marks for students who are keen while formatting this page. Typically, this page contains the study title, the name of the author, names of the supervisors involved, institution, and course name. Financial management normally follows the APA style.

Acknowledgement

Thanking those who encouraged you or offered a helping hand along the way is important. Mention their names and what they did for you.

Abstract

Some people use the term “abstract” and “introduction” interchangeably. It is all right; it all depends on the discipline in question and what your instructors might prefer. The abstract summarizes what your study is all about. Typically, an abstract is shorter than an introduction. Writing 400 –500 words for this section is enough.

Your abstract must:

State the problem you intend to investigate
Indicate your study’s purpose
State the method used
Display major results
State significant implications and interpretations of your findings

How to Write Your Problem Statement

Every research paper aims to solve a problem. But you cannot effectively address a problem unless you have first identified it. The issue needs to be crystal clear to you before you can think of presenting it to others through a research paper. Writing a problem statement isn’t hard if you have been reading and noting ideas. You can get ideas from anywhere including online magazines, journalarticles, press releases, newspapers and so on.

First, Describe What Should be the Case: Ask yourself: What would the situation be like if this company was not grappling with this problem? Answering that question is like solving the problem that exists. But the current situation is different; it is not what it needs to be. For that reason, use transitions such as “However” or “Unfortunately” to introduce your problem.

Problem Statement Example: “Goldman Sachs should do everything it can to mitigate the risks it currently faces so that it can become a stronger bank able to withstand financial trouble in the future.” You have described how things should be.

You are saying that the bank now faces certain risks. And that it is not where it is supposed to be in terms of risk mitigation. Now, let us write your problem statement:

“Unfortunately, Goldman Sachs is yet to act decisively regarding three risks that threaten to make it less competitive now and in the future. These are market risks, country risks, and political risks.”

Explain the Problem Using Facts and Figures: Find statistics that help you to explain the stated problem. Explaining the problem includes showing how Goldman Sachs suffers as a result of the current issue. You need not include citations in the abstract section. But you will need to provide support when it comes time to expound on those claims later on in the body.

Formulate Research Questions

Your research should restrict itself to answering your research questions. If you got the problem statement right, you should have no challenge writing the research questions. Research questions are “normal” questions ending with question marks.

For example: “Which market risks does Goldman Sachs face?”

Research Introduction

The opening sentence needs to have the “power” to grab the reader’s attention quickly. Where an introduction is dull, the reader usually stops reading. Here is your opportunity to announce your topic. Use the “inverted triangle” approach. In this approach, you start with general topic issues. You then shift your focus to specific features of the issues indicated. You need to give the reader a “hint” of what they can expect. You have to include a list of keywords if you intend to publish your paper.

Your hypothesis or hypotheses and thesis statement are part of the introduction. A hypothesis allows you to make a supposition or prediction that guides your investigation of the issues at hand. Usually, your paper’s thesis should be the last sentence of the introduction. Note: In qualitative studies, researchers typically use hypothesis and thesis in more or less the same way.

Background Information

This information can be part of your introduction. Or it can be a separate part. Here, you need to show the reader that you understand your topic. And that you have developed a fundamental understanding of the research problem your study seeks to investigate. Essentially, this section tells the reader what you understood before you started planning this project. It describes the nature and history of the research question as it relates to existing literature.

Literature Review

The literature review section allows your audience to familiarize themselves with the various sources you have selected for your study. Writing this part right presents you as a well-prepared researcher. The goal here should be to come across as someone possessing a profound knowledge of the area you are studying. Here, you need to include a review of recent, relevant works as well as the most current developments in that area. Your job is to analyze or evaluate the sources used and let the reader know which of them helped your research paper most.

Finally, you need to show why your work matters. How does it develop the already existing knowledge body?Why should anyone care about the work at all?

Methods

Here, you want to specify the study design you will be using. Are you going to do a qualitative or quantitative study? Depending on the nature of your topic, you can use either a quantitative or qualitative approach. If you want to investigate the risk component of securities held by ordinary shareholders in a business, the quantitative method is the better approach. If your paper intends to study how these ordinary investors perceive risk, you may want to use the qualitative approach. Qualitative research does not usually rely on statistical analysis.

In the methods section, you must:

Describe the sampling strategy: in financial management research papers, you might not always deal with people as your participants. Your participants can be archival documents or literary texts. Such “participants” are usually “subjects” rather than participants.
Identify the variables, especially in a quantitative study. If your financial management study is qualitative, you do not need to have dependent and independent variables.
Describe data collection tools: If your research design is quantitative, you can use questionnaires. However, it the study is qualitative, interviews provide better quality information
Describe your procedures for carrying out the research
Offer information regarding your analysis methods

Findings

Once you have analyzed the data obtained, you need to report the results. Decide which aspects of your research paper are the most critical and interesting. Discuss the results of your inquiry. You must determine whether the findings you obtained answer all your research questions. Whether your financial management paper followed the quantitative approach or quantity approach, you must interpret your results concisely. Were these results what you expected? If not, explain them. You also must find a way to link the results you have with your research questions and literature review.

Conclusions

You should end financial management research papers compellingly. The reader needs to understand whether your study was successful. Let them know whether any questions remain unanswered. You can restate the most significant points here, but you must choose your words carefully. Remember: the conclusion is likely what the reader retains. A well-written conclusion makes people feel that reading your work wasn’t a waste of time. Your conclusion can also suggest research others can conduct in the future.

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Major Guidelines to Writing Effective Thesis, Dissertation Papers

Writing Effective Thesis & Dissertation Papers: How To

You are about to begin writing your thesis paper. It is a daunting task, at least for some students some of the time. Usually, getting started is the most challenging part, and writing effective thesis that reads like a real thesis may seem impossible. One that does not read like a topic, an opinion, or profusion of mere facts. Writing effective thesis statement is for most learners the trickiest part of writing thesis or dissertation paper.

You seek guidelines for writing effective thesis paper. Hopefully, you’ll have understood the process by the time you are reading the last word.

Write Your Title Page

The specific editorial style you are going to use, for example, APA or MLA, guides you as you write the title page. Please refer to the relevant style manual and learn how to do it. That said, it should include your name, name of the institution as well as the names of your advisors.

Table of Content

Guides readers as they search for specific pieces of information. It lists all subheadings and headings. It also includes page numbers. You can use MS Word to quickly and professionally generate your table of contents.

List of Figures

It carries the page numbers of all the figures you have included in your work. You should also add a short title for each figure.

List of Tables

It lists the page numbers of all the tables you have included.

Writing Effective Thesis Paper: Write Your Abstract

Typically, an abstract is no more than 500 words. That is about two relatively long paragraphs. Concisely tell your readers why the thesis paper matters. An abstract presents your most significant results. Be sure to include numbers where applicable. State the question or questions you are trying to answer as well as the methods you will use to investigate the problem. Also, your abstract needs to state the significant implications of your study. Implications are all about why your work matters. It is advisable to handle this part after you have finished writing your thesis paper. You do not need citations in your abstract.

Writing Effective Thesis Paper: The Introduction Determines Whether Your Paper Succeeds or Fails

The introduction is what makes or breaks a lawyer’s case. And it is what determines whether your readers will continue to the rest of the argument. For that reason, you need to get super focused as you think through this section of your paper. The jury needs to know what a lawyer believes regarding their client’s innocence from the outset.

Does the lawyer believe the accused is guilty? Not guilty? A good lawyer’s opening lines let jury members know where they (lawyer) stands on the matter and how they plan to convince the jury. A well-written thesis introduction should be like the opening lines used by successful lawyers. It should be clear and focused. It should quickly tell the reader what you’ll argue. Most importantly, a perfect introduction tells readers how you intend to convince them.

Learn to Think like a Lawyer, Present Clear, logical, and Convincing Arguments

What comes to mind when someone says they are a lawyer? Smart. Thorough. Logical. Arguments. Those are possibly the ideas that pop up in your mind. Lawyers are all of those qualities, and more. Learning to write a thesis paper that makes your professor smile as they read is pretty much like writing a defense theory.

A good lawyer listens attentively to their client and understands all the fine points related to their case. Then they examine the prosection’s evidence thoroughly. Finally, they prepare an argument that presents a specific position. Their legal and logical reasoning needs to convince the members of the jury. If they fail, their client ends up in jail. Worse, they might get the death sentence. Mistakes can destroy a lawyer’s reputation and career fast. Your argument, too, needs to be logical and convincing if you want to earn an excellent grade.

Writing Effective Thesis Paper: Write Your Thesis Statement

Every thesis paper needs to have a thesis statement. Your thesis statement should be part of your introduction. If there is one area that gives a lot of students trouble, it is writing the thesis statement. Don’t get confused. A thesis statement is not a topic. Nor is it merely a statement of fact. Most importantly, it is not an opinion. Your thesis statement needs to be the most prominent part of your introduction. Getting it wrong is like getting the whole thesis paper wrong. Typically, your thesis statement is the last sentence of your introductory paragraph.

Writing Effective Thesis Paper: Review and Analyze Primary Sources

Let us assume you are a political science student. The first thing you should do is head to the library. Search for material related to what you want to write about. A good example can be the French Revolution. What were the specific causes? What took place? When? Who were the participants? Analyze every bit of information you gather from your primary sources. Can you identify a controversial point of view? Is the author’s argumentambiguous? Have they contradicted themselves? Understand the deeper implications of the author’s argument.

You are doing all this to get a working thesis. Write down your thesis statement as soon as you mentally develop it. Writing it down forces you to think in a clear, logical and concise way.

Use Counterarguments to Refine Your Thesis Statement

Failure to think about what others have said against your thesis is the beginningof failure. Analyze opposing points of view as this helps to clarify your thoughts and strengthen your thesis statement. Also, examining the counterarguments provides you with the views you’ll need to refute when it comes time to write your paper’s body. An argument without counterarguments is no argument. It is most likely an opinion or at best, a statement of fact.

Let us Attempt to Write Your Thesis Statement Now

“Although the economic paralysis and bankruptcy resulting from conflict between the nobility and the Monarchy led to the French Revolution of 1789 – 1799, the Enlightenment of the Frenchplayed a more significant role.”

What does the reader think upon reading your thesis statement? They might say: I don’t entirely agree with the author of this thesis paper. But I will read on and see how they argue their case. You would like people to agree with your point of view. But it is good enough that people find your paper worth reading, even when they disagree.

What a Thesis Statement is Not

A list

Don’t write,

“Political conflict, social antagonisms and enlightenment caused the French Revolution.” Your thesis statement succeeds in letting the reader know what to expect. But, doesn’t it read pretty much like a list? Besides, thisexample states what every educated person already knows. That statement advances no argument. It merely states a fact.

A question

Admittedly, a thesis paper is supposed to discuss, explore and answer specific questions. And keen readers want to feel that your paper tells them something. However, your thesis statement should not directly ask the question. That’s what research questions are for.

“What caused the French Revolution?” Always remember that a question and an argument are two distinct things. And without an argument, your paper will never get anywhere near being captivating. Finding the answers to why the revolution happened is easy for most people. So, you must attempt to present the facts in a way that makes the issue look fresh and interesting.

A statement that is confrontational

Do not write, “Monarchies are inherently evil; that is why the French Revolution happened.” How do you build your thesis paper upon such an ineffective thesis statement? Arguing that will likely prove to be a task you were not ready for. How did you decide that monarchies are evil? Is this your opinion? Is there any authority you can rely on? Academic writing is less about being judgmental and moralistic and more about being rational and factual. Besides, such a thesis statement might end up alienating some of your readers. Not everyone thinks monarchies are evil. In fact, you might just be the only one!

A statement containing general or overused terms

Let us look at this example thesis statement: “The French Revolution happened due to political conflict.” The statement does not advance an argument. Besides, it is obvious to almost everyone that political conflict must have preceded the revolution. Here, you are simply reminding readers what they know already. Your thesis statement, in this case, looks overused, general and uninteresting. The kind of paragraph-one conclusion that has the reader muttering: nothing new here.

A Statement Without an arguable claim

Your paper is supposed to advance a specific point of view. When you state a fact and pretend it is a thesis, discerning readers will quickly notice and stop reading. Let us look at the example we started with:

The author argues that the French Revolution is more attributable to the Enlightenment than to political conflict between the Monarchy and the nobility. Your reader probably views the French Revolution differently. But you have presented a clear, arguable claim. They would probably say “let me read further and hear what this author has to say.” When that person is your professor of political science, you are beginning to win. They might even think “Here isanother promisingscholar.”

A Hypothesis is Different than a Thesis Statement

Hypothesis writing is another challenging step of the scientific method. Some students get themselves all confused when it comes to writing effective hypothesis. They think a hypothesis and thesis statement are the same. Well, some disciplines may treat the two as though they were interchangeable, but they are different. If your study hopes to prove or disprove something, it needs to have a hypothesis. Typically, hypotheses most commonly appear in quantitative research. A hypothesis is a testable prediction. It is an educated prediction regarding the relationship between two variables. A researcher’s job is to support or falsify the hypothesis using observable evidence.

A Hypothesis Can be a Question or Statement

You learned earlier that a good thesis statement is never a question. In contrast, a hypothesis can either be a question or a statement. Your hypothesis must specify both the dependent variables and independent variables. Dependent variables relate to who or what you expect to get affected. An independent variable represents what or who you predict will affect your study’s dependent variable.

Essentially, the introduction expands on what you stated in your abstract. Typically, it is longer than the abstract. How long? As long as it reasonably needs to be. Generally, the longer the paper, the longer the introduction can be. It can be a page or pages.

Example of a Hypothesis

“Temperature may affect bacterial growth.”

Here, the researcher predicts that bacterial growth gets affected by temperature. You will notice that both bacterial growth and temperature are testable. In other words, the two variables are measurable. Another way to present your hypothesis would be to ask: Does temperature affect bacterial growth? Remember we said a hypothesis is either a statement or question.

No Hypothesis Statement in Qualitative Research – Usually

Hypothesis testing does not usually happen in qualitative research. Typically, qualitative research does not concern itself with hypothesis testing. It simply explores an area of study. Researchers can later use a quantitative approach to test the hypothesis or hypotheses.

You should present your hypothesis statement before you write your thesis statement. Don’t forget we are still at the thesis paper introduction stage. It might look like this article has taken quite a while guiding you on how to write a single part of your thesis. But remember: The introduction is the most important part of your thesis paper. Getting it wrong results in a failed paper that frustrates you in the end. You care about grades, don’t you?

Literature Review and Background information: Are They Part of the Introduction?

After you have written your introduction, you can now proceed to the literature review writing section. The social and hard sciences prefer to have researchers separate the background or literature review and the introduction. Humanities students usually present their literature review or background information as part of the introduction.

No hard and fast rules guide how you are supposed to present these sections. Also, there is no widely accepted convention as to whether your paper should have either literature review or background information or both. It is best to ask your academic advisor for clarifications on how to treat the introduction, background, and literature review.

Writing Effective Thesis: Background Chapter

Let’s assume your paper will have a separate background information chapter. What content do you include there? Use this space to present pre-requisite information critical to the understanding of your thesis paper. It should not be lengthy. After all, you are writing for people with at least a rudimentary knowledge regarding your area. Describe the historical developments that led you to your research questions or thesis. Clarify key terms and describe the scope of your area. Will you be relying on disciplines other than yours? Tell the reader about the aspects of those disciplines you will include.

Writing Effective Thesis Paper: Literature Review Chapter

You have reviewed a ton of relevant material from various sources and developed specific ideas. The literature review chapter organizes your ideas into a conceptual structure from which the body of your thesis grows. Here, you should organize and link ideas together. Your intended audience should be able to see how the ideas interact as well as their relative importance. What fundamental concepts, theories, and models have you derived from your sources analysis? What are the counterarguments? Which ideas support the main ones?

At this point, you have collected various sources of reliable data. You need to have used primary sources — usually peer-reviewed journal articles and books. If you cannot find these in your school’s library, use online databases like ProQuest. Essentially, this chapter focuses less on presenting “literature” and more on analysis of existing knowledge. It identifies a knowledge gap and tells the reader why addressing that information gap matters.

Citations and Formatting

You must not write a single claim that you cannot support using credible evidence. Your preferred editorial style guides how you format your paper, write in-text citations, references, or bibliography page. Whether you are using APA, MLA, OSCOLA, Chicago, Harvard, or any other style, be sure you can correctly apply it. You can use reliable resources like Purdue Online Writing Lab to learn how to format your thesis paper and write citations. Needless to say, your work must not have plagiarism issues. Use any appropriate software package to ensure your document is authentic. Failure to do that can have others accuse you of academic dishonesty.

Writing Effective Thesis Paper: Methodology Chapter

The method chapter of your thesis presents a description of the precise steps you took to address the hypothesis or research question. Its purpose is to help even the most “naïve” reader replicate your study. Fundamentally, this chapter attempts to establish links between your research problem, method, and findings.

Qualitative studies are somewhat unstructured. However, you must not avoid being as detailed and specific as you would be in a quantitative study. You must describe your sample and how you solicited participants. If the participants are not people, you can use the term “subjects.” Additionally, the reader needs to know which instruments or tools you used. Did you use questionnaires, extended interviews, behavioral observations, or archival data? Also, describe how you selected the research materials relied on. Explain the procedures followed, too.

Do Not Merely Restate the Problem or Present the Literature Review Again

Most people tend to restate the problem and re-present the literature review in this section. Understand that the method chapter is supposed to describe the directions for carrying out a piece of research. If your study is quantitative, you must include a data analysis section that clearly outlines your procedure(s). Where you have used specialized equipment, tell the reader about the nature and type of such equipment. In that case, you may have to include an apparatus section.

Admittedly, though, a quantitative study can be a little more challenging than a qualitative one.Always use the past tense when writing the method section and the rest of the thesis.

Writing Effective Thesis: Results/Findings Section

Use figures and text to present your findings. The results section presents the facts of your research. Also, comment on the significance of your study’s key findings. Sometimes you can combine the results section with the discussion section. You can choose to have them under the same heading. Check with your advisor regarding the treatment of these two sections.

Writing Effective Thesis: Discussion

At this point, you have thought through your research findings and know what they mean. So, explain what they mean. The discussion section allows you to interpret your results for the benefit of readers. It also describes the results you expected and those you did not expect. Additionally, you must explain every unexpected result. Most importantly, your discussion section relates your specific findings to previous theory or research. At this point, state the limitations of your study. Also, comment on any research questions you did not answer. Essentially, tell the reader whether or not you proved your hypothesis.

Writing Effective Thesis: Conclusion Chapter

Take care how you write this section. It is as important as your introduction. Strive to craft it in a way that makes a strong impression on the reader. Here, tell the reader whether you achieved the aims of your research. Focus on the most significant points or results, and present them concisely. Your conclusion needs to be in alignment with your introduction and body.

Do you feel that you can handle a thesis paper like the competent researcher and writer you are? What stops you from writing effective thesis paper? Nothing. Let the confidence you have gained drive out every trace of doubt and intimidation.

Writing effective thesis or dissertation paper is often cumbersome. You need to engage our academic writing service for excellent pay for dissertation writing help, capstone project assistance among others. Our team of expert thesis writers follow the above guidelines when writing academic papers. Hire expert literature review writers today from our team of dissertation writing experts today.

Comparison Between US and UK Education Systems

Difference Between US and UK Education Systems

Are you an international student looking for scholarship in UK and USA and wondering which of the two countries you ought to choose for your studies? then we have answers for all your potential questions. When choosing your future college or university, it is imperative to consider a variety of factors and see if they match your expectations. Our academic essay writers have compiled a list of factors to choose from and gone further to compare the factors in US and UK education systems.

The United Kingdom and the United States combined are home to more than 100 of the world’s best institutions of higher learning. In these countries, a tradition of a high-quality college education has continued for years. In both countries, a culture that encourages intellectualism thrives. Additionally, these nations have some of the best research facilities worldwide. It is accurate to say that these countries offer the student an excellent learning environment. However, a few differences exist between the US and UK education systems.

This article explores those differences so that you are adequately informed when it comes the time to make your decision to enrol in a degree course. Below are some of the differences between American and British education systems:

Study Duration

The time it takes to clear your degree program is one of the most important differences between the US and UK education systems. Typically, a degree program in the U.S. takes one year longer to finish than a similar degree in the U.K. While it is possible to start your PhD program right after your undergraduate in both countries, most students in the United Kingdom will usually complete their master’s degree before proceeding to the doctorate level of study. The reason it takes less time to finish your program in the U.K. is that the coursework there is kind of more focused than in the U.S.

Academic Terms

Here is another aspect where the US and UK education systems slightly differ. In the United States, most schools have their terms starting around mid or late August. Some colleges, often those teaching the liberal arts, may start their term a little later. Typically, students take a long break commencing mid-December through mid-January, when the next semester begins. Please note that for universities using different calendars such as the quarter-based system or the trimester, the winter break usually starts when the Thanksgiving holidays come around, around the end of November.

In the United Kingdom, the academic term is somewhat varied. Most universities in this country apply the semester system. However, some colleges follow the trimester and the quarter systems. The majority of the schools start their programs in September or October and continue until May or June, giving the British system an academic year that is a little longer than its U.S. counterpart. That said, you can expect your particular university in the U.K. to use a different calendar.

Cost of Education

While cheap is not a permissible word when describing how much it costs to get a degree in either country, education costs more in the United States. The U.K. government put in place a fee regulation in 2012 that set a limit on how much fees schools could charge. The upper limit was set at 9,000 pounds or approximately 14,300 U.S dollars every academic year. If you are an international student, expect to pay more than the maximum figure already stated.

In the U.S, the government is not keen on controlling the fees colleges charge. That said, the U.S. differentiates between out-of-state and in-state tuition fees. Also, this government differentiates between public and private universities. It is these distinctions that determine how much tuition fee you end up paying.

Typically, public 2-year institutions charge an average annual tuition fee of approximately 3,000 dollars while private 4-year schools charge an average of 29,000 dollars. You need to know that some of these private 4-year colleges can set you back up to 50,000 dollars every year until you finish your degree program. The fees in both countries might look a little intimidating, but college students can get loans with favourable terms and interest rates through the study period.

Assignments and Grades

The American education system focuses more on breadth while the British system of education considers depth to be more important. Since the U.S school system is broad, you as a student can expect to be handling weekly or bi-weekly readings, many small writing projects, major research papers, and a lot of oral presentations for the duration of the course. In contrast, the British education system tends to be lecture-based, though there will be an occasional assignment.

In some cases, there will be no assignments. In this case, the university administers one final exam that determines your overall grade. In the U.S., the grades you earn in the plethora of assignments matter, and the grade you receive in the final examination forms a percentage of your overall grade.

Accommodation

Both countries have resident halls where students stay while studying. In the U.K., you are highly likely to have your bedroom. If you want to study in the U.S., expect to share your room with at least one more student. After the first year, a learner in the United States might have additional housing options such as private housing or off-campus housing. The U.S. offers a range of full dining options while maid service is a common feature in U.K. college residence halls. The U.K. students pay a fee for the maid service.

Which Is Better :American Vs British Education System

You will get an excellent education whether you choose the American or the British education system. US and UK education systems have a somewhat different approach to learning, so it is up to you to decide what you want — breadth or depth. It will take you more time to study in one country as opposed to earning your degree in the other. Finally, there are cost differences to consider. With all this information, you are fully equipped to make a sound decision.

Expert Writing Help Offers British And American Homework Help

Are you a student in British or American college or university? expertwritinghelp.com offers PhD essay writing services to students studying in American colleges and universities. Studying in America is a no joke. You will be required to dedicate hundreds of hours per month doing serious studies. Not to forget you will need to look for part time jobs for sustenance. This leaves you with little time to do homework. You therefore need an expert homework writer to assist you complete your courseworks and homework. Same case applies to you studying in colleges and universities in UK, you need to seek British homework help services from our academic writing service in order to boost your grades.